Measuring the Correctness of Double-Keying: Error Classification and Quality Control in a Large Corpus of TEI-Annotated Historical Text

Among mass digitization methods, double-keying is considered to be the one with the lowest error rate. This method requires two independent transcriptions of a text by two different operators. It is particularly well suited to historical texts, which often exhibit deficiencies like poor master copie...

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Autores principales:	Susanne Haaf, Frank Wiegand, Alexander Geyken
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	DE EN ES FR IT
Publicado:	OpenEdition 2015
Materias:	double-keying quality control error classification digitization tools transcription accuracy Computer engineering. Computer hardware TK7885-7895
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9e6bdc86bec445808f47bf218c864a24
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9e6bdc86bec445808f47bf218c864a242021-12-02T11:30:31ZMeasuring the Correctness of Double-Keying: Error Classification and Quality Control in a Large Corpus of TEI-Annotated Historical Text2162-560310.4000/jtei.739https://doaj.org/article/9e6bdc86bec445808f47bf218c864a242015-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://journals.openedition.org/jtei/739https://doaj.org/toc/2162-5603Among mass digitization methods, double-keying is considered to be the one with the lowest error rate. This method requires two independent transcriptions of a text by two different operators. It is particularly well suited to historical texts, which often exhibit deficiencies like poor master copies or other difficulties such as spelling variation or complex text structures. Providers of data entry services using the double-keying method generally advertise very high accuracy rates (around 99.95% to 99.98%). These advertised percentages are generally estimated on the basis of small samples, and little if anything is said about either the actual amount of text or the text genres which have been proofread, about error types, proofreaders, etc. In order to obtain significant data on this problem it is necessary to analyze a large amount of text representing a balanced sample of different text types, to distinguish the structural XML/TEI level from the typographical level, and to differentiate between various types of errors which may originate from different sources and may not be equally severe. This paper presents an extensive and complex approach to the analysis and correction of double-keying errors which has been applied by the DFG-funded project "Deutsches Textarchiv" (German Text Archive, hereafter DTA) in order to evaluate and preferably to increase the transcription and annotation accuracy of double-keyed DTA texts. Statistical analyses of the results gained from proofreading a large quantity of text are presented, which verify the common accuracy rates for the double-keying method.Susanne HaafFrank WiegandAlexander GeykenOpenEditionarticledouble-keyingquality controlerror classificationdigitizationtoolstranscription accuracyComputer engineering. Computer hardwareTK7885-7895DEENESFRITJournal of the Text Encoding Initiative, Vol 4 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	DE EN ES FR IT
topic	double-keying quality control error classification digitization tools transcription accuracy Computer engineering. Computer hardware TK7885-7895
spellingShingle	double-keying quality control error classification digitization tools transcription accuracy Computer engineering. Computer hardware TK7885-7895 Susanne Haaf Frank Wiegand Alexander Geyken Measuring the Correctness of Double-Keying: Error Classification and Quality Control in a Large Corpus of TEI-Annotated Historical Text
description	Among mass digitization methods, double-keying is considered to be the one with the lowest error rate. This method requires two independent transcriptions of a text by two different operators. It is particularly well suited to historical texts, which often exhibit deficiencies like poor master copies or other difficulties such as spelling variation or complex text structures. Providers of data entry services using the double-keying method generally advertise very high accuracy rates (around 99.95% to 99.98%). These advertised percentages are generally estimated on the basis of small samples, and little if anything is said about either the actual amount of text or the text genres which have been proofread, about error types, proofreaders, etc. In order to obtain significant data on this problem it is necessary to analyze a large amount of text representing a balanced sample of different text types, to distinguish the structural XML/TEI level from the typographical level, and to differentiate between various types of errors which may originate from different sources and may not be equally severe. This paper presents an extensive and complex approach to the analysis and correction of double-keying errors which has been applied by the DFG-funded project "Deutsches Textarchiv" (German Text Archive, hereafter DTA) in order to evaluate and preferably to increase the transcription and annotation accuracy of double-keyed DTA texts. Statistical analyses of the results gained from proofreading a large quantity of text are presented, which verify the common accuracy rates for the double-keying method.
format	article
author	Susanne Haaf Frank Wiegand Alexander Geyken
author_facet	Susanne Haaf Frank Wiegand Alexander Geyken
author_sort	Susanne Haaf
title	Measuring the Correctness of Double-Keying: Error Classification and Quality Control in a Large Corpus of TEI-Annotated Historical Text
title_short	Measuring the Correctness of Double-Keying: Error Classification and Quality Control in a Large Corpus of TEI-Annotated Historical Text
title_full	Measuring the Correctness of Double-Keying: Error Classification and Quality Control in a Large Corpus of TEI-Annotated Historical Text
title_fullStr	Measuring the Correctness of Double-Keying: Error Classification and Quality Control in a Large Corpus of TEI-Annotated Historical Text
title_full_unstemmed	Measuring the Correctness of Double-Keying: Error Classification and Quality Control in a Large Corpus of TEI-Annotated Historical Text
title_sort	measuring the correctness of double-keying: error classification and quality control in a large corpus of tei-annotated historical text
publisher	OpenEdition
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/9e6bdc86bec445808f47bf218c864a24
work_keys_str_mv	AT susannehaaf measuringthecorrectnessofdoublekeyingerrorclassificationandqualitycontrolinalargecorpusofteiannotatedhistoricaltext AT frankwiegand measuringthecorrectnessofdoublekeyingerrorclassificationandqualitycontrolinalargecorpusofteiannotatedhistoricaltext AT alexandergeyken measuringthecorrectnessofdoublekeyingerrorclassificationandqualitycontrolinalargecorpusofteiannotatedhistoricaltext
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Measuring the Correctness of Double-Keying: Error Classification and Quality Control in a Large Corpus of TEI-Annotated Historical Text

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