Mechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering

Mechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering

The additive manufacturing (AM) methods, selective laser sintering (SLS) and multi jet fusion (MJF), are increasingly used for end-use polymer parts. Chemical reactions caused by ionizing radiation and catalyzed by oxygen, moisture, and heat are known to degrade the polymer structure, result in visu...

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Autores principales: Tuomas Puttonen, Mika Salmi, Jouni Partanen
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Additive manufacturing
Powder bed fusion
Accelerated weathering
Polymer degradation
Mechanical properties
Fracture characterization
Polymers and polymer manufacture
TP1080-1185
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/9eb6d5dd980d4ed1b61cc5bb72cf35ea
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:9eb6d5dd980d4ed1b61cc5bb72cf35ea2021-11-14T04:27:44ZMechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering0142-941810.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107376https://doaj.org/article/9eb6d5dd980d4ed1b61cc5bb72cf35ea2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941821003214https://doaj.org/toc/0142-9418The additive manufacturing (AM) methods, selective laser sintering (SLS) and multi jet fusion (MJF), are increasingly used for end-use polymer parts. Chemical reactions caused by ionizing radiation and catalyzed by oxygen, moisture, and heat are known to degrade the polymer structure, result in visual defects, and loss of mechanical properties. However, the effects of the AM layer-wise manufacturing process on polymer degradation are not widely studied. Yet, they may have implications on the mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of the components.This paper presents an open access data repository of mechanical properties after weathering for AM plastics, conventionally manufactured plastics, and for two clear protective coatings. All materials were exposed to a 1500-h accelerated weathering cycle (ISO-4982-3) followed by tensile testing (ISO-527). Special attention was given to polyamide 12 (PA12) produced via powder bed fusion AM in two build orientations. The fracture surfaces of PA12 and glass-filled PA12 were further studied with scanning electron microscopy. The AM materials were PA12, glass-filled PA12, and carbon reinforced PA12. Traditionally manufactured materials included glass-filled and molybdenum disulfide-filled PA66, PMMA, ABS, PC, and cast PA12.No clear differences were found between the AM build orientations in fracture mechanisms or weathering performance. AM and cast PA12 were strongly affected by accelerated weathering. Carbon reinforced PA12 with a UV varnish experienced the least changes. Weathering resistance was increased with protective coatings. However, an increase in the deviation of mechanical properties with the coatings was observed. The contrary results in ductility for the glass-filled and molybdenum disulfide-filled PA66 after weathering would merit further studies.Tuomas PuttonenMika SalmiJouni PartanenElsevierarticleAdditive manufacturingPowder bed fusionAccelerated weatheringPolymer degradationMechanical propertiesFracture characterizationPolymers and polymer manufactureTP1080-1185ENPolymer Testing, Vol 104, Iss , Pp 107376- (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Additive manufacturing
Powder bed fusion
Accelerated weathering
Polymer degradation
Mechanical properties
Fracture characterization
Polymers and polymer manufacture
TP1080-1185
spellingShingle Additive manufacturing
Powder bed fusion
Accelerated weathering
Polymer degradation
Mechanical properties
Fracture characterization
Polymers and polymer manufacture
TP1080-1185
Tuomas Puttonen
Mika Salmi
Jouni Partanen
Mechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering
description The additive manufacturing (AM) methods, selective laser sintering (SLS) and multi jet fusion (MJF), are increasingly used for end-use polymer parts. Chemical reactions caused by ionizing radiation and catalyzed by oxygen, moisture, and heat are known to degrade the polymer structure, result in visual defects, and loss of mechanical properties. However, the effects of the AM layer-wise manufacturing process on polymer degradation are not widely studied. Yet, they may have implications on the mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of the components.This paper presents an open access data repository of mechanical properties after weathering for AM plastics, conventionally manufactured plastics, and for two clear protective coatings. All materials were exposed to a 1500-h accelerated weathering cycle (ISO-4982-3) followed by tensile testing (ISO-527). Special attention was given to polyamide 12 (PA12) produced via powder bed fusion AM in two build orientations. The fracture surfaces of PA12 and glass-filled PA12 were further studied with scanning electron microscopy. The AM materials were PA12, glass-filled PA12, and carbon reinforced PA12. Traditionally manufactured materials included glass-filled and molybdenum disulfide-filled PA66, PMMA, ABS, PC, and cast PA12.No clear differences were found between the AM build orientations in fracture mechanisms or weathering performance. AM and cast PA12 were strongly affected by accelerated weathering. Carbon reinforced PA12 with a UV varnish experienced the least changes. Weathering resistance was increased with protective coatings. However, an increase in the deviation of mechanical properties with the coatings was observed. The contrary results in ductility for the glass-filled and molybdenum disulfide-filled PA66 after weathering would merit further studies.
format article
author Tuomas Puttonen
Mika Salmi
Jouni Partanen
author_facet Tuomas Puttonen
Mika Salmi
Jouni Partanen
author_sort Tuomas Puttonen
title Mechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering
title_short Mechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering
title_full Mechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering
title_fullStr Mechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering
title_sort mechanical properties and fracture characterization of additive manufacturing polyamide 12 after accelerated weathering
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/9eb6d5dd980d4ed1b61cc5bb72cf35ea
work_keys_str_mv AT tuomasputtonen mechanicalpropertiesandfracturecharacterizationofadditivemanufacturingpolyamide12afteracceleratedweathering
AT mikasalmi mechanicalpropertiesandfracturecharacterizationofadditivemanufacturingpolyamide12afteracceleratedweathering
AT jounipartanen mechanicalpropertiesandfracturecharacterizationofadditivemanufacturingpolyamide12afteracceleratedweathering
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