Liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties

Abstract Standard aquatic toxicity tests of chemicals are often limited by the chemicals’ water solubility. Liposomes have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome poor pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. In this work, liposomes were synthesized and used in an ecotoxicological c...

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Autores principales:	Mafalda Castro, Dennis Lindqvist
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9ec9cc56fbf54a23861f6578acfe210f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9ec9cc56fbf54a23861f6578acfe210f2021-12-02T17:41:09ZLiposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties10.1038/s41598-020-66694-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9ec9cc56fbf54a23861f6578acfe210f2020-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66694-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Standard aquatic toxicity tests of chemicals are often limited by the chemicals’ water solubility. Liposomes have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome poor pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. In this work, liposomes were synthesized and used in an ecotoxicological context, as a tool to assure stable dosing of technically challenging chemicals to zooplankton. Three chemicals with distinctly different characteristics were successfully incorporated into the liposomes: Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA, log K ow 5.9, pK a1 7.5, pK a2 8.5), chlorinated paraffin CP-52 (log K ow 8–12) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, pK a 2.8). The size, production yield and stability over time was similar for all blank and chemical-loaded liposomes, except for when the liposomes were loaded with 10 or 100 mg g−1 PFOA. PFOA increased the size and decreased the production yield and stability of the liposomes. Daphnia magna were exposed to blank and chemical-loaded liposomes in 48 hour incubation experiments. A dose-dependent increase in body burden in D. magna and increased immobilization (LD50 = 7.6 ng CPs per individual) was observed. This confirms not only the ingestion of the liposomes but also the successful internalization of chemicals. This study shows that liposomes can be a reliable alternative to aid the study of aquatic toxicity of challenging chemicals.Mafalda CastroDennis LindqvistNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mafalda Castro Dennis Lindqvist Liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties
description	Abstract Standard aquatic toxicity tests of chemicals are often limited by the chemicals’ water solubility. Liposomes have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome poor pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. In this work, liposomes were synthesized and used in an ecotoxicological context, as a tool to assure stable dosing of technically challenging chemicals to zooplankton. Three chemicals with distinctly different characteristics were successfully incorporated into the liposomes: Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA, log K ow 5.9, pK a1 7.5, pK a2 8.5), chlorinated paraffin CP-52 (log K ow 8–12) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, pK a 2.8). The size, production yield and stability over time was similar for all blank and chemical-loaded liposomes, except for when the liposomes were loaded with 10 or 100 mg g−1 PFOA. PFOA increased the size and decreased the production yield and stability of the liposomes. Daphnia magna were exposed to blank and chemical-loaded liposomes in 48 hour incubation experiments. A dose-dependent increase in body burden in D. magna and increased immobilization (LD50 = 7.6 ng CPs per individual) was observed. This confirms not only the ingestion of the liposomes but also the successful internalization of chemicals. This study shows that liposomes can be a reliable alternative to aid the study of aquatic toxicity of challenging chemicals.
format	article
author	Mafalda Castro Dennis Lindqvist
author_facet	Mafalda Castro Dennis Lindqvist
author_sort	Mafalda Castro
title	Liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties
title_short	Liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties
title_full	Liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties
title_fullStr	Liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties
title_full_unstemmed	Liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties
title_sort	liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of bioaccumulative (b) and toxic (t) properties
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/9ec9cc56fbf54a23861f6578acfe210f
work_keys_str_mv	AT mafaldacastro liposomemediateddeliveryofchallengingchemicalstoaidenvironmentalassessmentofbioaccumulativebandtoxictproperties AT dennislindqvist liposomemediateddeliveryofchallengingchemicalstoaidenvironmentalassessmentofbioaccumulativebandtoxictproperties
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Liposome-mediated delivery of challenging chemicals to aid environmental assessment of Bioaccumulative (B) and Toxic (T) properties

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