Elucidation of the Natural Function of Sophorolipids Produced by <i>Starmerella bombicola</i>

The yeast <i>Starmerella bombicola</i> distinguishes itself from other yeasts by its potential of producing copious amounts of the secondary metabolites sophorolipids (SLs): these are glycolipid biosurfactants composed out of a(n) (acetylated) sophorose moiety and a lipid tail. Although...

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Autores principales:	Veerle De Clercq, Sophie L. K. W. Roelants, Martijn G. Castelein, Sofie L. De Maeseneire, Wim K. Soetaert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Starmerella bombicola</i> biosurfactants sophorolipids physiological function natural role antimicrobial Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9eee91cbda494559b43c3490a11c9ed5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9eee91cbda494559b43c3490a11c9ed52021-11-25T18:05:44ZElucidation of the Natural Function of Sophorolipids Produced by <i>Starmerella bombicola</i>10.3390/jof71109172309-608Xhttps://doaj.org/article/9eee91cbda494559b43c3490a11c9ed52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/917https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608XThe yeast <i>Starmerella bombicola</i> distinguishes itself from other yeasts by its potential of producing copious amounts of the secondary metabolites sophorolipids (SLs): these are glycolipid biosurfactants composed out of a(n) (acetylated) sophorose moiety and a lipid tail. Although SLs are the subject of numerous research papers and have been commercialized, e.g., in eco-friendly cleaning solutions, the natural function of SLs still remains elusive. This research article investigates several hypotheses for why <i>S. bombicola</i> invests that much energy in the production of SLs, and we conclude that the main natural function of SLs in <i>S. bombicola</i> is niche protection: (1) the extracellular storage of an energy-rich, yet metabolically less accessible carbon source that can be utilized by <i>S. bombicola</i> upon conditions of starvation with (2) antimicrobial properties. In this way, <i>S. bombicola</i> creates a dual advantage in competition with other microorganisms. Additionally, SLs can expedite growth on rapeseed oil, composed of triacylglycerols which are hydrophobic substrates present in the yeasts’ environment, for a non-SL producing strain (<i>Δcyp52M1</i>). It was also found that—at least under lab conditions—SLs do not provide protection against high osmotic pressure prevalent in sugar-rich environments such as honey or nectar present in the natural habitat of <i>S. bombicola</i>.Veerle De ClercqSophie L. K. W. RoelantsMartijn G. CasteleinSofie L. De MaeseneireWim K. SoetaertMDPI AGarticle<i>Starmerella bombicola</i>biosurfactantssophorolipidsphysiological functionnatural roleantimicrobialBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENJournal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 917, p 917 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Starmerella bombicola</i> biosurfactants sophorolipids physiological function natural role antimicrobial Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>Starmerella bombicola</i> biosurfactants sophorolipids physiological function natural role antimicrobial Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Veerle De Clercq Sophie L. K. W. Roelants Martijn G. Castelein Sofie L. De Maeseneire Wim K. Soetaert Elucidation of the Natural Function of Sophorolipids Produced by <i>Starmerella bombicola</i>
description	The yeast <i>Starmerella bombicola</i> distinguishes itself from other yeasts by its potential of producing copious amounts of the secondary metabolites sophorolipids (SLs): these are glycolipid biosurfactants composed out of a(n) (acetylated) sophorose moiety and a lipid tail. Although SLs are the subject of numerous research papers and have been commercialized, e.g., in eco-friendly cleaning solutions, the natural function of SLs still remains elusive. This research article investigates several hypotheses for why <i>S. bombicola</i> invests that much energy in the production of SLs, and we conclude that the main natural function of SLs in <i>S. bombicola</i> is niche protection: (1) the extracellular storage of an energy-rich, yet metabolically less accessible carbon source that can be utilized by <i>S. bombicola</i> upon conditions of starvation with (2) antimicrobial properties. In this way, <i>S. bombicola</i> creates a dual advantage in competition with other microorganisms. Additionally, SLs can expedite growth on rapeseed oil, composed of triacylglycerols which are hydrophobic substrates present in the yeasts’ environment, for a non-SL producing strain (<i>Δcyp52M1</i>). It was also found that—at least under lab conditions—SLs do not provide protection against high osmotic pressure prevalent in sugar-rich environments such as honey or nectar present in the natural habitat of <i>S. bombicola</i>.
format	article
author	Veerle De Clercq Sophie L. K. W. Roelants Martijn G. Castelein Sofie L. De Maeseneire Wim K. Soetaert
author_facet	Veerle De Clercq Sophie L. K. W. Roelants Martijn G. Castelein Sofie L. De Maeseneire Wim K. Soetaert
author_sort	Veerle De Clercq
title	Elucidation of the Natural Function of Sophorolipids Produced by <i>Starmerella bombicola</i>
title_short	Elucidation of the Natural Function of Sophorolipids Produced by <i>Starmerella bombicola</i>
title_full	Elucidation of the Natural Function of Sophorolipids Produced by <i>Starmerella bombicola</i>
title_fullStr	Elucidation of the Natural Function of Sophorolipids Produced by <i>Starmerella bombicola</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Elucidation of the Natural Function of Sophorolipids Produced by <i>Starmerella bombicola</i>
title_sort	elucidation of the natural function of sophorolipids produced by <i>starmerella bombicola</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9eee91cbda494559b43c3490a11c9ed5
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Elucidation of the Natural Function of Sophorolipids Produced by <i>Starmerella bombicola</i>

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