New genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.

Gene flow of transgenes into non-target populations is an important biosafety concern. The case of genetically modified (GM) maize in Mexico has been of particular interest because of the country's status as center of origin and landrace diversity. In contrast to maize in the U.S. and Europe, M...

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Autores principales:	Joost van Heerwaarden, Diego Ortega Del Vecchyo, Elena R Alvarez-Buylla, Mauricio R Bellon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9eef5b275b664bcb8df90872629d209a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9eef5b275b664bcb8df90872629d209a2021-11-18T08:13:24ZNew genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0046123https://doaj.org/article/9eef5b275b664bcb8df90872629d209a2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23056246/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Gene flow of transgenes into non-target populations is an important biosafety concern. The case of genetically modified (GM) maize in Mexico has been of particular interest because of the country's status as center of origin and landrace diversity. In contrast to maize in the U.S. and Europe, Mexican landraces form part of an evolving metapopulation in which new genes are subject to evolutionary processes of drift, gene flow and selection. Although these processes are affected by seed management and particularly seed flow, there has been little study into the population genetics of transgenes under traditional seed management. Here, we combine recently compiled data on seed management practices with a spatially explicit population genetic model to evaluate the importance of seed flow as a determinant of the long-term fate of transgenes in traditional seed systems. Seed flow between farmers leads to a much wider diffusion of transgenes than expected by pollen movement alone, but a predominance of seed replacement over seed mixing lowers the probability of detection due to a relative lack of homogenization in spatial frequencies. We find that in spite of the spatial complexities of the modeled system, persistence probabilities under positive selection are estimated quite well by existing theory. Our results have important implications concerning the feasibility of long term transgene monitoring and control in traditional seed systems.Joost van HeerwaardenDiego Ortega Del VecchyoElena R Alvarez-BuyllaMauricio R BellonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 10, p e46123 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Joost van Heerwaarden Diego Ortega Del Vecchyo Elena R Alvarez-Buylla Mauricio R Bellon New genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.
description	Gene flow of transgenes into non-target populations is an important biosafety concern. The case of genetically modified (GM) maize in Mexico has been of particular interest because of the country's status as center of origin and landrace diversity. In contrast to maize in the U.S. and Europe, Mexican landraces form part of an evolving metapopulation in which new genes are subject to evolutionary processes of drift, gene flow and selection. Although these processes are affected by seed management and particularly seed flow, there has been little study into the population genetics of transgenes under traditional seed management. Here, we combine recently compiled data on seed management practices with a spatially explicit population genetic model to evaluate the importance of seed flow as a determinant of the long-term fate of transgenes in traditional seed systems. Seed flow between farmers leads to a much wider diffusion of transgenes than expected by pollen movement alone, but a predominance of seed replacement over seed mixing lowers the probability of detection due to a relative lack of homogenization in spatial frequencies. We find that in spite of the spatial complexities of the modeled system, persistence probabilities under positive selection are estimated quite well by existing theory. Our results have important implications concerning the feasibility of long term transgene monitoring and control in traditional seed systems.
format	article
author	Joost van Heerwaarden Diego Ortega Del Vecchyo Elena R Alvarez-Buylla Mauricio R Bellon
author_facet	Joost van Heerwaarden Diego Ortega Del Vecchyo Elena R Alvarez-Buylla Mauricio R Bellon
author_sort	Joost van Heerwaarden
title	New genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.
title_short	New genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.
title_full	New genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.
title_fullStr	New genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.
title_full_unstemmed	New genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.
title_sort	new genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/9eef5b275b664bcb8df90872629d209a
work_keys_str_mv	AT joostvanheerwaarden newgenesintraditionalseedsystemsdiffusiondetectabilityandpersistenceoftransgenesinamaizemetapopulation AT diegoortegadelvecchyo newgenesintraditionalseedsystemsdiffusiondetectabilityandpersistenceoftransgenesinamaizemetapopulation AT elenaralvarezbuylla newgenesintraditionalseedsystemsdiffusiondetectabilityandpersistenceoftransgenesinamaizemetapopulation AT mauriciorbellon newgenesintraditionalseedsystemsdiffusiondetectabilityandpersistenceoftransgenesinamaizemetapopulation
_version_	1718422062141276160

New genes in traditional seed systems: diffusion, detectability and persistence of transgenes in a maize metapopulation.

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