Common health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Good health is positively related to children’s educational outcomes, but relationships may not be causal. Demonstrating a causal influence would strongly support childhood and adolescent health as important for education policy. We applied genetic causal inference methods to assess the cau...

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Autores principales:	Amanda Hughes, Kaitlin H. Wade, Matt Dickson, Frances Rice, Alisha Davies, Neil M. Davies, Laura D. Howe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9ef7eb6c76a340338ae4503449321759
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9ef7eb6c76a340338ae45034493217592021-12-02T15:07:26ZCommon health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: Mendelian randomization study10.1038/s41539-020-00080-62056-7936https://doaj.org/article/9ef7eb6c76a340338ae45034493217592021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-020-00080-6https://doaj.org/toc/2056-7936Abstract Good health is positively related to children’s educational outcomes, but relationships may not be causal. Demonstrating a causal influence would strongly support childhood and adolescent health as important for education policy. We applied genetic causal inference methods to assess the causal relationship of common health conditions at age 10 (primary/elementary school) and 13 (mid-secondary/mid-high school) with educational attainment at 16 and school absence at 14–16. Participants were 6113 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Exposures were symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, asthma, migraines and BMI. Genetic liability for these conditions and BMI was indexed by polygenic scores. In non-genetic, multivariate-adjusted models, all health conditions except asthma and migraines were associated with poorer attainment and greater school absence. School absence substantially mediated effects of BMI (39.9% for BMI at 13) and migraines (72.0% at 10), on attainment with more modest mediation for emotional and neurodevelopmental conditions. In genetic models, a unit increase in standardized BMI at 10 predicted a 0.19 S.D. decrease (95% CI: 0.11, 0.28) in attainment at 16, equivalent to around a 1/3 grade lower in all subjects, and 8.7% more school absence (95% CI:1.8%,16.1%). Associations were similar at 13. Genetic liability for ADHD predicted lower attainment but not more absence. Triangulation across multiple approaches supports a causal, negative influence on educational outcomes of BMI and ADHD, but not of ASD, depression, asthma or migraine. Higher BMI in childhood and adolescence may causally impair educational outcomes.Amanda HughesKaitlin H. WadeMatt DicksonFrances RiceAlisha DaviesNeil M. DaviesLaura D. HoweNature PortfolioarticleSpecial aspects of educationLC8-6691Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENnpj Science of Learning, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Amanda Hughes Kaitlin H. Wade Matt Dickson Frances Rice Alisha Davies Neil M. Davies Laura D. Howe Common health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: Mendelian randomization study
description	Abstract Good health is positively related to children’s educational outcomes, but relationships may not be causal. Demonstrating a causal influence would strongly support childhood and adolescent health as important for education policy. We applied genetic causal inference methods to assess the causal relationship of common health conditions at age 10 (primary/elementary school) and 13 (mid-secondary/mid-high school) with educational attainment at 16 and school absence at 14–16. Participants were 6113 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Exposures were symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, asthma, migraines and BMI. Genetic liability for these conditions and BMI was indexed by polygenic scores. In non-genetic, multivariate-adjusted models, all health conditions except asthma and migraines were associated with poorer attainment and greater school absence. School absence substantially mediated effects of BMI (39.9% for BMI at 13) and migraines (72.0% at 10), on attainment with more modest mediation for emotional and neurodevelopmental conditions. In genetic models, a unit increase in standardized BMI at 10 predicted a 0.19 S.D. decrease (95% CI: 0.11, 0.28) in attainment at 16, equivalent to around a 1/3 grade lower in all subjects, and 8.7% more school absence (95% CI:1.8%,16.1%). Associations were similar at 13. Genetic liability for ADHD predicted lower attainment but not more absence. Triangulation across multiple approaches supports a causal, negative influence on educational outcomes of BMI and ADHD, but not of ASD, depression, asthma or migraine. Higher BMI in childhood and adolescence may causally impair educational outcomes.
format	article
author	Amanda Hughes Kaitlin H. Wade Matt Dickson Frances Rice Alisha Davies Neil M. Davies Laura D. Howe
author_facet	Amanda Hughes Kaitlin H. Wade Matt Dickson Frances Rice Alisha Davies Neil M. Davies Laura D. Howe
author_sort	Amanda Hughes
title	Common health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: Mendelian randomization study
title_short	Common health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: Mendelian randomization study
title_full	Common health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: Mendelian randomization study
title_fullStr	Common health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: Mendelian randomization study
title_full_unstemmed	Common health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: Mendelian randomization study
title_sort	common health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: mendelian randomization study
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9ef7eb6c76a340338ae4503449321759
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Common health conditions in childhood and adolescence, school absence, and educational attainment: Mendelian randomization study

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