Rise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution.

What have been the causes and consequences of technological evolution in world history? In particular, what propels innovation and diffusion of military technologies, details of which are comparatively well preserved and which are often seen as drivers of broad socio-cultural processes? Here we anal...

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Autores principales:	Peter Turchin, Daniel Hoyer, Andrey Korotayev, Nikolay Kradin, Sergey Nefedov, Gary Feinman, Jill Levine, Jenny Reddish, Enrico Cioni, Chelsea Thorpe, James S Bennett, Pieter Francois, Harvey Whitehouse
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9f3e673dae9447218bff52d4e5d45548
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9f3e673dae9447218bff52d4e5d455482021-12-02T20:13:37ZRise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258161https://doaj.org/article/9f3e673dae9447218bff52d4e5d455482021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258161https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203What have been the causes and consequences of technological evolution in world history? In particular, what propels innovation and diffusion of military technologies, details of which are comparatively well preserved and which are often seen as drivers of broad socio-cultural processes? Here we analyze the evolution of key military technologies in a sample of pre-industrial societies world-wide covering almost 10,000 years of history using Seshat: Global History Databank. We empirically test previously speculative theories that proposed world population size, connectivity between geographical areas of innovation and adoption, and critical enabling technological advances, such as iron metallurgy and horse riding, as central drivers of military technological evolution. We find that all of these factors are strong predictors of change in military technology, whereas state-level factors such as polity population, territorial size, or governance sophistication play no major role. We discuss how our approach can be extended to explore technological change more generally, and how our results carry important ramifications for understanding major drivers of evolution of social complexity.Peter TurchinDaniel HoyerAndrey KorotayevNikolay KradinSergey NefedovGary FeinmanJill LevineJenny ReddishEnrico CioniChelsea ThorpeJames S BennettPieter FrancoisHarvey WhitehousePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258161 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Peter Turchin Daniel Hoyer Andrey Korotayev Nikolay Kradin Sergey Nefedov Gary Feinman Jill Levine Jenny Reddish Enrico Cioni Chelsea Thorpe James S Bennett Pieter Francois Harvey Whitehouse Rise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution.
description	What have been the causes and consequences of technological evolution in world history? In particular, what propels innovation and diffusion of military technologies, details of which are comparatively well preserved and which are often seen as drivers of broad socio-cultural processes? Here we analyze the evolution of key military technologies in a sample of pre-industrial societies world-wide covering almost 10,000 years of history using Seshat: Global History Databank. We empirically test previously speculative theories that proposed world population size, connectivity between geographical areas of innovation and adoption, and critical enabling technological advances, such as iron metallurgy and horse riding, as central drivers of military technological evolution. We find that all of these factors are strong predictors of change in military technology, whereas state-level factors such as polity population, territorial size, or governance sophistication play no major role. We discuss how our approach can be extended to explore technological change more generally, and how our results carry important ramifications for understanding major drivers of evolution of social complexity.
format	article
author	Peter Turchin Daniel Hoyer Andrey Korotayev Nikolay Kradin Sergey Nefedov Gary Feinman Jill Levine Jenny Reddish Enrico Cioni Chelsea Thorpe James S Bennett Pieter Francois Harvey Whitehouse
author_facet	Peter Turchin Daniel Hoyer Andrey Korotayev Nikolay Kradin Sergey Nefedov Gary Feinman Jill Levine Jenny Reddish Enrico Cioni Chelsea Thorpe James S Bennett Pieter Francois Harvey Whitehouse
author_sort	Peter Turchin
title	Rise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution.
title_short	Rise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution.
title_full	Rise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution.
title_fullStr	Rise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution.
title_full_unstemmed	Rise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution.
title_sort	rise of the war machines: charting the evolution of military technologies from the neolithic to the industrial revolution.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9f3e673dae9447218bff52d4e5d45548
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Rise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution.

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