Conversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel

In this study, a novel idea was proposed to convert the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste drinking-water bottles into activated carbon (AC) to use for waste cooking oil (WCO) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) feasibility to convert into esters. The acidic and basic char were prepared by usi...

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Autores principales:	Firdous Ahmad Ahangar, Umer Rashid, Junaid Ahmad, Toshiki Tsubota, Ali Alsalme
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	activated carbon non-biodegradable waste PET bottles characterization waste feedstocks Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9f490e34e9be485db197317245b268a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9f490e34e9be485db197317245b268a12021-11-25T18:48:43ZConversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel10.3390/polym132239522073-4360https://doaj.org/article/9f490e34e9be485db197317245b268a12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3952https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360In this study, a novel idea was proposed to convert the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste drinking-water bottles into activated carbon (AC) to use for waste cooking oil (WCO) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) feasibility to convert into esters. The acidic and basic char were prepared by using the waste PET bottles. The physiochemical properties were determined by employing various analytical techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and temperature-programmed desorption – ammonia/carbon dioxide (TPD-NH<sub>3</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>). The prepared PET H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and PET KOH showed the higher surface area, thus illustrating that the surface of both materials has enough space for impregnation of foreign precursors. The TPD-NH<sub>3</sub> and TPD-CO<sub>2</sub> results depicted that PET H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> is found to have higher acidity, i.e., 18.17 mmolg<sup>−1</sup>, due to the attachment of phosponyl groups to it during pretreatment, whereas, in the case of PET KOH, the basicity increases to 13.49 mmolg<sup>−1</sup>. The conversion results show that prepared materials can be used as a support for an acidic and basic catalyst for the conversion of WCO and PFAD into green fuel.Firdous Ahmad AhangarUmer RashidJunaid AhmadToshiki TsubotaAli AlsalmeMDPI AGarticleactivated carbonnon-biodegradablewaste PET bottlescharacterizationwaste feedstocksOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3952, p 3952 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	activated carbon non-biodegradable waste PET bottles characterization waste feedstocks Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	activated carbon non-biodegradable waste PET bottles characterization waste feedstocks Organic chemistry QD241-441 Firdous Ahmad Ahangar Umer Rashid Junaid Ahmad Toshiki Tsubota Ali Alsalme Conversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel
description	In this study, a novel idea was proposed to convert the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste drinking-water bottles into activated carbon (AC) to use for waste cooking oil (WCO) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) feasibility to convert into esters. The acidic and basic char were prepared by using the waste PET bottles. The physiochemical properties were determined by employing various analytical techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and temperature-programmed desorption – ammonia/carbon dioxide (TPD-NH<sub>3</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>). The prepared PET H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and PET KOH showed the higher surface area, thus illustrating that the surface of both materials has enough space for impregnation of foreign precursors. The TPD-NH<sub>3</sub> and TPD-CO<sub>2</sub> results depicted that PET H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> is found to have higher acidity, i.e., 18.17 mmolg<sup>−1</sup>, due to the attachment of phosponyl groups to it during pretreatment, whereas, in the case of PET KOH, the basicity increases to 13.49 mmolg<sup>−1</sup>. The conversion results show that prepared materials can be used as a support for an acidic and basic catalyst for the conversion of WCO and PFAD into green fuel.
format	article
author	Firdous Ahmad Ahangar Umer Rashid Junaid Ahmad Toshiki Tsubota Ali Alsalme
author_facet	Firdous Ahmad Ahangar Umer Rashid Junaid Ahmad Toshiki Tsubota Ali Alsalme
author_sort	Firdous Ahmad Ahangar
title	Conversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel
title_short	Conversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel
title_full	Conversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel
title_fullStr	Conversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel
title_full_unstemmed	Conversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel
title_sort	conversion of waste polyethylene terephthalate (pet) polymer into activated carbon and its feasibility to produce green fuel
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9f490e34e9be485db197317245b268a1
work_keys_str_mv	AT firdousahmadahangar conversionofwastepolyethyleneterephthalatepetpolymerintoactivatedcarbonanditsfeasibilitytoproducegreenfuel AT umerrashid conversionofwastepolyethyleneterephthalatepetpolymerintoactivatedcarbonanditsfeasibilitytoproducegreenfuel AT junaidahmad conversionofwastepolyethyleneterephthalatepetpolymerintoactivatedcarbonanditsfeasibilitytoproducegreenfuel AT toshikitsubota conversionofwastepolyethyleneterephthalatepetpolymerintoactivatedcarbonanditsfeasibilitytoproducegreenfuel AT alialsalme conversionofwastepolyethyleneterephthalatepetpolymerintoactivatedcarbonanditsfeasibilitytoproducegreenfuel
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Conversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel

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