THE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT

This research discusses the damaging factors of the mortar used to affix the glazed ceramic tiles on the walls of Terbana mosque (built in 1685, Ottoman period) in Alexandria, Egypt, and the extension of the damaged impact to the ceramic tiles. This famous, and particularly outstanding mosque with s...

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Autores principales:	Elshaimaa ABD-ELRAHIM, Ibrahim WESHAHY
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Fayoum University 2017
Materias:	terbana mosque salt tolerances delta style sustain cracks the grout affix reflective cracking waterproof mortar Auxiliary sciences of history C Archaeology CC1-960
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9f606fd3ccd243759b4cfe49fff32c55
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9f606fd3ccd243759b4cfe49fff32c552021-12-02T08:52:58ZTHE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT2356-87042536-995410.36816/shedet.004.10https://doaj.org/article/9f606fd3ccd243759b4cfe49fff32c552017-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87836_75dc08ca1a3c9c8300efe6e300a0c4ee.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2356-8704https://doaj.org/toc/2536-9954This research discusses the damaging factors of the mortar used to affix the glazed ceramic tiles on the walls of Terbana mosque (built in 1685, Ottoman period) in Alexandria, Egypt, and the extension of the damaged impact to the ceramic tiles. This famous, and particularly outstanding mosque with several suspended shops below it, is built in the Delta architectural style, with walls made of limestone blocks and a little red and black adobe for decorative work, a wooden roof and glazed ceramic tiles, with plants and geometric ornaments, adorn parts of the mosque walls. <br /> Salt content in the weather of Alexandria is relatively high; this salt is the largest contributor to the deterioration factor of Terbana mosque with varying degrees of deterioration. Impacts come in different forms; salts caused disintegration of the mortar into soft powder in some places and then pushed the outer surface of the limestone and brickwork.<br /> Where tiles have been installed in a building near the sea, they would be subject to degrees of salt deterioration, making it very difficult to prevent deterioration of the tiles or to the walls. Results from analytic methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), reveal a high percent of crystallized salts of sodium chloride NaCl (Halite) in the fixed mortar, in the body of the tiles, and in the glaze layer on the tiles surfaces. Proposed solutions to mitigate the salts deterioration are provided.Elshaimaa ABD-ELRAHIMIbrahim WESHAHYFayoum Universityarticleterbana mosquesalt tolerancesdelta stylesustain cracksthe groutaffixreflective crackingwaterproof mortarAuxiliary sciences of historyCArchaeologyCC1-960ENShedet, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 155-166 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	terbana mosque salt tolerances delta style sustain cracks the grout affix reflective cracking waterproof mortar Auxiliary sciences of history C Archaeology CC1-960
spellingShingle	terbana mosque salt tolerances delta style sustain cracks the grout affix reflective cracking waterproof mortar Auxiliary sciences of history C Archaeology CC1-960 Elshaimaa ABD-ELRAHIM Ibrahim WESHAHY THE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
description	This research discusses the damaging factors of the mortar used to affix the glazed ceramic tiles on the walls of Terbana mosque (built in 1685, Ottoman period) in Alexandria, Egypt, and the extension of the damaged impact to the ceramic tiles. This famous, and particularly outstanding mosque with several suspended shops below it, is built in the Delta architectural style, with walls made of limestone blocks and a little red and black adobe for decorative work, a wooden roof and glazed ceramic tiles, with plants and geometric ornaments, adorn parts of the mosque walls. <br /> Salt content in the weather of Alexandria is relatively high; this salt is the largest contributor to the deterioration factor of Terbana mosque with varying degrees of deterioration. Impacts come in different forms; salts caused disintegration of the mortar into soft powder in some places and then pushed the outer surface of the limestone and brickwork.<br /> Where tiles have been installed in a building near the sea, they would be subject to degrees of salt deterioration, making it very difficult to prevent deterioration of the tiles or to the walls. Results from analytic methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), reveal a high percent of crystallized salts of sodium chloride NaCl (Halite) in the fixed mortar, in the body of the tiles, and in the glaze layer on the tiles surfaces. Proposed solutions to mitigate the salts deterioration are provided.
format	article
author	Elshaimaa ABD-ELRAHIM Ibrahim WESHAHY
author_facet	Elshaimaa ABD-ELRAHIM Ibrahim WESHAHY
author_sort	Elshaimaa ABD-ELRAHIM
title	THE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
title_short	THE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
title_full	THE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
title_fullStr	THE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
title_full_unstemmed	THE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
title_sort	mortar damage and its harmful effects on the glazed ceramic tiles in terbana mosque – alexandria, egypt
publisher	Fayoum University
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/9f606fd3ccd243759b4cfe49fff32c55
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THE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT

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