Differential Tolerance to Calonectria pseudonaviculata of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities

Isolated boxwood endophytes have been demonstrated to effectively protect boxwood plants from infection by Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps). However, the roles of endophytes as communities in plant defense are not clear. Here, we demonstrated differential tole...

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Autores principales:	Ping Kong, Melissa Sharifi, Adria Bordas, Chuanxue Hong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	English boxwood differential tolerance fungal pathogen culturable microbiome endophytic community complexity Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9f682d1662a946329981efbb9c3b650d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9f682d1662a946329981efbb9c3b650d2021-11-25T18:44:07ZDifferential Tolerance to <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities10.3390/plants101122442223-7747https://doaj.org/article/9f682d1662a946329981efbb9c3b650d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2244https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Isolated boxwood endophytes have been demonstrated to effectively protect boxwood plants from infection by <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> (<i>Cps</i>). However, the roles of endophytes as communities in plant defense are not clear. Here, we demonstrated differential tolerance to <i>Cps</i> of English boxwood (<i>Buxus sempervirens</i> ‘Suffruticosa’), an iconic landscape plant and generally regarded as highly susceptible, and its link to endophyte complexity. Fifteen boxwood twig samples were collected in triplicates from three historic gardens—Colonial Williamsburg, George Washington’s Mount Vernon and River Farm, and Virginia Tech’s research farm in Virginia Beach in the summer and fall of 2019. A portion of individual samples was inoculated with <i>Cps</i> under controlled conditions. Significant differences in disease severity were observed among samples but not between the two seasons. Examining the endophyte cultures of the summer samples revealed that bacterial and fungal abundance was negatively and positively correlated with the disease severity. Nanopore metagenomics analysis on genomic DNA of the tolerant and susceptible group representatives confirmed the associations. Specifically, tolerant English boxwood plants had an endophyte community dominated by <i>Bacilli</i> and <i>Betaproteobacteria</i>, while susceptible ones had a distinct endophyte community dominated by <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, and diverse fungi. These findings may lead to boxwood health management innovations—devising and utilizing cultural practices to manipulate and increase the abundance and performance of beneficial endophytes for enhanced boxwood resistance to <i>Cps</i>.Ping KongMelissa SharifiAdria BordasChuanxue HongMDPI AGarticleEnglish boxwooddifferential tolerancefungal pathogenculturable microbiomeendophytic community complexityBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2244, p 2244 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	English boxwood differential tolerance fungal pathogen culturable microbiome endophytic community complexity Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	English boxwood differential tolerance fungal pathogen culturable microbiome endophytic community complexity Botany QK1-989 Ping Kong Melissa Sharifi Adria Bordas Chuanxue Hong Differential Tolerance to <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities
description	Isolated boxwood endophytes have been demonstrated to effectively protect boxwood plants from infection by <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> (<i>Cps</i>). However, the roles of endophytes as communities in plant defense are not clear. Here, we demonstrated differential tolerance to <i>Cps</i> of English boxwood (<i>Buxus sempervirens</i> ‘Suffruticosa’), an iconic landscape plant and generally regarded as highly susceptible, and its link to endophyte complexity. Fifteen boxwood twig samples were collected in triplicates from three historic gardens—Colonial Williamsburg, George Washington’s Mount Vernon and River Farm, and Virginia Tech’s research farm in Virginia Beach in the summer and fall of 2019. A portion of individual samples was inoculated with <i>Cps</i> under controlled conditions. Significant differences in disease severity were observed among samples but not between the two seasons. Examining the endophyte cultures of the summer samples revealed that bacterial and fungal abundance was negatively and positively correlated with the disease severity. Nanopore metagenomics analysis on genomic DNA of the tolerant and susceptible group representatives confirmed the associations. Specifically, tolerant English boxwood plants had an endophyte community dominated by <i>Bacilli</i> and <i>Betaproteobacteria</i>, while susceptible ones had a distinct endophyte community dominated by <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, and diverse fungi. These findings may lead to boxwood health management innovations—devising and utilizing cultural practices to manipulate and increase the abundance and performance of beneficial endophytes for enhanced boxwood resistance to <i>Cps</i>.
format	article
author	Ping Kong Melissa Sharifi Adria Bordas Chuanxue Hong
author_facet	Ping Kong Melissa Sharifi Adria Bordas Chuanxue Hong
author_sort	Ping Kong
title	Differential Tolerance to <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities
title_short	Differential Tolerance to <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities
title_full	Differential Tolerance to <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities
title_fullStr	Differential Tolerance to <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities
title_full_unstemmed	Differential Tolerance to <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities
title_sort	differential tolerance to <i>calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> of english boxwood plants associated with the complexity of culturable fungal and bacterial endophyte communities
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9f682d1662a946329981efbb9c3b650d
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Differential Tolerance to <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities

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