Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster

Challenging environments comprise a range of scenarios, which share the fact that it is extremely difficult to establish a communication link using conventional technology due to many impairments typically associated with the propagation medium and increased signal scattering. Specifically, underwat...

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Autores principales:	Steven Kisseleff, Symeon Chatzinotas, Bjorn Ottersten
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2021
Materias:	Challenging environments emergency networks industry 4.0 Internet of Things reconfigurable intelligent surfaces underground Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9f780a3f5ad842c2acb4c2bb4a151b32
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:9f780a3f5ad842c2acb4c2bb4a151b32
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9f780a3f5ad842c2acb4c2bb4a151b322021-11-18T00:01:22ZReconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster2169-353610.1109/ACCESS.2021.3125461https://doaj.org/article/9f780a3f5ad842c2acb4c2bb4a151b322021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9600850/https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536Challenging environments comprise a range of scenarios, which share the fact that it is extremely difficult to establish a communication link using conventional technology due to many impairments typically associated with the propagation medium and increased signal scattering. Specifically, underwater and underground media are known to absorb electromagnetic radiation, which heavily affects the overall path loss. Industrial and disaster environments can be viewed as rich scattering environments with corresponding substantial multipath propagation leading to intersymbol interference and deterioration of signal quality. Although the challenges for the design of communication networks, and specifically the Internet of Things (IoT), in such environments are known, there is no common enabler or solution for all these applications. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been introduced to improve the signal propagation characteristics by focusing the signal power in the preferred direction, thus making the communication environment ’smart’. While the usual application of RIS is related to blockage avoidance, the very same technique can be used to reduce the effect of multipath and even partially compensate the signal absorption via passive beamforming. Due to the beneficial properties of RIS, its use in challenging environments can become the aforementioned enabler and a game changing technology. However, various aspects of RIS deployment and system design need to be addressed in order to fully benefit from this technology. In this paper, we discuss potential use cases, deployment strategies and design aspects for RIS devices in underwater IoT, underground IoT as well as Industry 4.0 and emergency networks. Furthermore, we provide a potential hardware architecture and derive the expected signal quality improvements with increasing number of RIS elements. The numerical results reveal substantial performance gains of up to 20 dB per decade. In addition, novel research challenges to be addressed in this context are described.Steven KisseleffSymeon ChatzinotasBjorn OtterstenIEEEarticleChallenging environmentsemergency networksindustry 4.0Internet of Thingsreconfigurable intelligent surfacesundergroundElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971ENIEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 150214-150233 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Challenging environments emergency networks industry 4.0 Internet of Things reconfigurable intelligent surfaces underground Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
spellingShingle	Challenging environments emergency networks industry 4.0 Internet of Things reconfigurable intelligent surfaces underground Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Steven Kisseleff Symeon Chatzinotas Bjorn Ottersten Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster
description	Challenging environments comprise a range of scenarios, which share the fact that it is extremely difficult to establish a communication link using conventional technology due to many impairments typically associated with the propagation medium and increased signal scattering. Specifically, underwater and underground media are known to absorb electromagnetic radiation, which heavily affects the overall path loss. Industrial and disaster environments can be viewed as rich scattering environments with corresponding substantial multipath propagation leading to intersymbol interference and deterioration of signal quality. Although the challenges for the design of communication networks, and specifically the Internet of Things (IoT), in such environments are known, there is no common enabler or solution for all these applications. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been introduced to improve the signal propagation characteristics by focusing the signal power in the preferred direction, thus making the communication environment ’smart’. While the usual application of RIS is related to blockage avoidance, the very same technique can be used to reduce the effect of multipath and even partially compensate the signal absorption via passive beamforming. Due to the beneficial properties of RIS, its use in challenging environments can become the aforementioned enabler and a game changing technology. However, various aspects of RIS deployment and system design need to be addressed in order to fully benefit from this technology. In this paper, we discuss potential use cases, deployment strategies and design aspects for RIS devices in underwater IoT, underground IoT as well as Industry 4.0 and emergency networks. Furthermore, we provide a potential hardware architecture and derive the expected signal quality improvements with increasing number of RIS elements. The numerical results reveal substantial performance gains of up to 20 dB per decade. In addition, novel research challenges to be addressed in this context are described.
format	article
author	Steven Kisseleff Symeon Chatzinotas Bjorn Ottersten
author_facet	Steven Kisseleff Symeon Chatzinotas Bjorn Ottersten
author_sort	Steven Kisseleff
title	Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster
title_short	Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster
title_full	Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster
title_fullStr	Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster
title_full_unstemmed	Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster
title_sort	reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in challenging environments: underwater, underground, industrial and disaster
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9f780a3f5ad842c2acb4c2bb4a151b32
work_keys_str_mv	AT stevenkisseleff reconfigurableintelligentsurfacesinchallengingenvironmentsunderwaterundergroundindustrialanddisaster AT symeonchatzinotas reconfigurableintelligentsurfacesinchallengingenvironmentsunderwaterundergroundindustrialanddisaster AT bjornottersten reconfigurableintelligentsurfacesinchallengingenvironmentsunderwaterundergroundindustrialanddisaster
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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster

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