Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of Heterobasidion occidentale Infection of California Abies concolor

We conducted an experimental evaluation of treatments to limit Heterobasidion occidentale infection of white fir (Abies concolor) stumps and wounds in California mixed conifer forests. We tested the efficacy of urea, borate, and a mixture of two locally collecte...

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Autores principales:	Adrian L. Poloni, Matteo Garbelotto, Christopher A. Lee, Richard C. Cobb
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Heterobasidion root disease <i>Phlebiopsis gigantea</i> white fir bark beetle California Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9f8ebe13f0f94d41bb3d3e67f58174d9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9f8ebe13f0f94d41bb3d3e67f58174d92021-11-25T18:37:51ZEfficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> Infection of California <i>Abies concolor</i>10.3390/pathogens101113902076-0817https://doaj.org/article/9f8ebe13f0f94d41bb3d3e67f58174d92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1390https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817We conducted an experimental evaluation of treatments to limit <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> infection of white fir (<i>Abies concolor</i>) stumps and wounds in California mixed conifer forests. We tested the efficacy of urea, borate, and a mixture of two locally collected <i>Phlebiopsis gigantea</i> strains in preventing pathogen colonization of fir stumps and separately, urea and borate as infection controls on experimental stem wounds. These were paired with a laboratory test on ~100 g wood blocks with and without a one-week delay between inoculation and treatment. Urea, borates, and <i>Phlebiopsis</i> treatments all significantly reduced the stump surface area that was colonized by <i>H. occidentale</i> at 84%, 91%, and 68%, respectively, relative to the controls. However, only the borate treatments significantly lowered the number of stumps that were infected by the pathogen. The laboratory study matched the patterns that were found in the stump experiment with a reduced area of colonization for urea, borates, or <i>P. gigantea</i> treatments relative to the controls; delaying the treatment did not affect efficacy. The field wound experiment did not result in any <i>Heterobasidion</i> colonization, even in positive control treatments, rendering the experiment uninformative. Our study suggests treatments that are known to limit <i>Heterobasidion</i> establishment on pine or spruce stumps elsewhere in the world may also be effective on true firs in California.Adrian L. PoloniMatteo GarbelottoChristopher A. LeeRichard C. CobbMDPI AGarticleHeterobasidion root disease<i>Phlebiopsis gigantea</i>white firbark beetleCaliforniaMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1390, p 1390 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Heterobasidion root disease <i>Phlebiopsis gigantea</i> white fir bark beetle California Medicine R
spellingShingle	Heterobasidion root disease <i>Phlebiopsis gigantea</i> white fir bark beetle California Medicine R Adrian L. Poloni Matteo Garbelotto Christopher A. Lee Richard C. Cobb Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> Infection of California <i>Abies concolor</i>
description	We conducted an experimental evaluation of treatments to limit <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> infection of white fir (<i>Abies concolor</i>) stumps and wounds in California mixed conifer forests. We tested the efficacy of urea, borate, and a mixture of two locally collected <i>Phlebiopsis gigantea</i> strains in preventing pathogen colonization of fir stumps and separately, urea and borate as infection controls on experimental stem wounds. These were paired with a laboratory test on ~100 g wood blocks with and without a one-week delay between inoculation and treatment. Urea, borates, and <i>Phlebiopsis</i> treatments all significantly reduced the stump surface area that was colonized by <i>H. occidentale</i> at 84%, 91%, and 68%, respectively, relative to the controls. However, only the borate treatments significantly lowered the number of stumps that were infected by the pathogen. The laboratory study matched the patterns that were found in the stump experiment with a reduced area of colonization for urea, borates, or <i>P. gigantea</i> treatments relative to the controls; delaying the treatment did not affect efficacy. The field wound experiment did not result in any <i>Heterobasidion</i> colonization, even in positive control treatments, rendering the experiment uninformative. Our study suggests treatments that are known to limit <i>Heterobasidion</i> establishment on pine or spruce stumps elsewhere in the world may also be effective on true firs in California.
format	article
author	Adrian L. Poloni Matteo Garbelotto Christopher A. Lee Richard C. Cobb
author_facet	Adrian L. Poloni Matteo Garbelotto Christopher A. Lee Richard C. Cobb
author_sort	Adrian L. Poloni
title	Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> Infection of California <i>Abies concolor</i>
title_short	Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> Infection of California <i>Abies concolor</i>
title_full	Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> Infection of California <i>Abies concolor</i>
title_fullStr	Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> Infection of California <i>Abies concolor</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> Infection of California <i>Abies concolor</i>
title_sort	efficacy of chemical and biological stump treatments for the control of <i>heterobasidion occidentale</i> infection of california <i>abies concolor</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9f8ebe13f0f94d41bb3d3e67f58174d9
work_keys_str_mv	AT adrianlpoloni efficacyofchemicalandbiologicalstumptreatmentsforthecontrolofiheterobasidionoccidentaleiinfectionofcaliforniaiabiesconcolori AT matteogarbelotto efficacyofchemicalandbiologicalstumptreatmentsforthecontrolofiheterobasidionoccidentaleiinfectionofcaliforniaiabiesconcolori AT christopheralee efficacyofchemicalandbiologicalstumptreatmentsforthecontrolofiheterobasidionoccidentaleiinfectionofcaliforniaiabiesconcolori AT richardccobb efficacyofchemicalandbiologicalstumptreatmentsforthecontrolofiheterobasidionoccidentaleiinfectionofcaliforniaiabiesconcolori
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Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of <i>Heterobasidion occidentale</i> Infection of California <i>Abies concolor</i>

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