Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (<i>Citrus Maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation

Pomelo peel-derived essential oils have been gaining popularity due to greater demand for stress relief therapy or hair care therapy. In this study, we first performed optimization of parameters in the pomelo essential oil extraction process on a pilot scale to gain better insights for application i...

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Autores principales:	Tan Phat Dao, Thanh Viet Nguyen, Thi Yen Nhi Tran, Xuan Tien Le, Ton Nu Thuy An, Nguyen Huu Thuan Anh, Long Giang Bach
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Pomelo (<i>Citrus maxima</i>) CCD-RSM kinetic model activity energy thermodynamic GC-MS Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9facb0079fb4490298b40cf1fae8096f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9facb0079fb4490298b40cf1fae8096f2021-11-25T18:52:05ZCentral Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (<i>Citrus Maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation10.3390/pr91120752227-9717https://doaj.org/article/9facb0079fb4490298b40cf1fae8096f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/11/2075https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9717Pomelo peel-derived essential oils have been gaining popularity due to greater demand for stress relief therapy or hair care therapy. In this study, we first performed optimization of parameters in the pomelo essential oil extraction process on a pilot scale to gain better insights for application in larger scale production. Then extraction kinetics, activation energy, thermodynamics, and essential oil quality during the extraction process were investigated during the steam distillation process. Three experimental conditions including material mass, steam flow rate, and extraction time were taken into consideration in response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. The optimal conditions were found as follows: sample weight of 422 g for one distillation batch, steam flow rate of 2.16 mL/min and extraction time of 106 min with the coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9812. The nonlinear kinetics demonstrated the compatibility of the kinetic model with simultaneous washing and unhindered diffusion with a washing rate constant of 0.1515 min<sup>−1</sup> and a diffusion rate constant of 0.0236 min<sup>−1</sup>. The activation energy of the washing and diffusion process was 167.43 kJ.mol<sup>−1</sup> and 96.25 kJ.mol<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The thermodynamic value obtained at the ΔG° value was −35.02 kJ.mol<sup>−1</sup>. The quality of pomelo peel essential oil obtained by steam distillation was characterized by its high limonene content (96.996%), determined by GC-MS.Tan Phat DaoThanh Viet NguyenThi Yen Nhi TranXuan Tien LeTon Nu Thuy AnNguyen Huu Thuan AnhLong Giang BachMDPI AGarticlePomelo (<i>Citrus maxima</i>)CCD-RSMkinetic modelactivity energythermodynamicGC-MSChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENProcesses, Vol 9, Iss 2075, p 2075 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Pomelo (<i>Citrus maxima</i>) CCD-RSM kinetic model activity energy thermodynamic GC-MS Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	Pomelo (<i>Citrus maxima</i>) CCD-RSM kinetic model activity energy thermodynamic GC-MS Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Tan Phat Dao Thanh Viet Nguyen Thi Yen Nhi Tran Xuan Tien Le Ton Nu Thuy An Nguyen Huu Thuan Anh Long Giang Bach Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (<i>Citrus Maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation
description	Pomelo peel-derived essential oils have been gaining popularity due to greater demand for stress relief therapy or hair care therapy. In this study, we first performed optimization of parameters in the pomelo essential oil extraction process on a pilot scale to gain better insights for application in larger scale production. Then extraction kinetics, activation energy, thermodynamics, and essential oil quality during the extraction process were investigated during the steam distillation process. Three experimental conditions including material mass, steam flow rate, and extraction time were taken into consideration in response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. The optimal conditions were found as follows: sample weight of 422 g for one distillation batch, steam flow rate of 2.16 mL/min and extraction time of 106 min with the coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9812. The nonlinear kinetics demonstrated the compatibility of the kinetic model with simultaneous washing and unhindered diffusion with a washing rate constant of 0.1515 min<sup>−1</sup> and a diffusion rate constant of 0.0236 min<sup>−1</sup>. The activation energy of the washing and diffusion process was 167.43 kJ.mol<sup>−1</sup> and 96.25 kJ.mol<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The thermodynamic value obtained at the ΔG° value was −35.02 kJ.mol<sup>−1</sup>. The quality of pomelo peel essential oil obtained by steam distillation was characterized by its high limonene content (96.996%), determined by GC-MS.
format	article
author	Tan Phat Dao Thanh Viet Nguyen Thi Yen Nhi Tran Xuan Tien Le Ton Nu Thuy An Nguyen Huu Thuan Anh Long Giang Bach
author_facet	Tan Phat Dao Thanh Viet Nguyen Thi Yen Nhi Tran Xuan Tien Le Ton Nu Thuy An Nguyen Huu Thuan Anh Long Giang Bach
author_sort	Tan Phat Dao
title	Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (<i>Citrus Maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation
title_short	Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (<i>Citrus Maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation
title_full	Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (<i>Citrus Maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation
title_fullStr	Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (<i>Citrus Maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation
title_full_unstemmed	Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (<i>Citrus Maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation
title_sort	central composite design, kinetic model, thermodynamics, and chemical composition of pomelo (<i>citrus maxima</i> (burm.) merr.) essential oil extraction by steam distillation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9facb0079fb4490298b40cf1fae8096f
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Central Composite Design, Kinetic Model, Thermodynamics, and Chemical Composition of Pomelo (<i>Citrus Maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr.) Essential Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation

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