Transposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.

The role of transposable elements in sculpting the genome is well appreciated but remains poorly understood. Some organisms, such as humans, do not have active transposons; however, transposable elements were presumably active in their ancestral genomes. Of specific interest is whether the DNA surro...

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Autores principales:	Marybeth Langer, Lynn F Sniderhan, Ueli Grossniklaus, Animesh Ray
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2007
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9ff1446462ea42b7a49bb403f093a759
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9ff1446462ea42b7a49bb403f093a7592021-11-25T06:10:48ZTransposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0000965https://doaj.org/article/9ff1446462ea42b7a49bb403f093a7592007-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000965https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The role of transposable elements in sculpting the genome is well appreciated but remains poorly understood. Some organisms, such as humans, do not have active transposons; however, transposable elements were presumably active in their ancestral genomes. Of specific interest is whether the DNA surrounding the sites of transposon excision become recombinogenic, thus bringing about homologous recombination. Previous studies in maize and Drosophila have provided conflicting evidence on whether transposon excision is correlated with homologous recombination. Here we take advantage of an atypical Dissociation (Ds) element, a maize transposon that can be mobilized by the Ac transposase gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, to address questions on the mechanism of Ds excision. This atypical Ds element contains an adjacent 598 base pairs (bp) inverted repeat; the element was allowed to excise by the introduction of an unlinked Ac transposase source through mating. Footprints at the excision site suggest a micro-homology mediated non-homologous end joining reminiscent of V(D)J recombination involving the formation of intra-helix 3' to 5' trans-esterification as an intermediate, a mechanism consistent with previous observations in maize, Antirrhinum and in certain insects. The proposed mechanism suggests that the broken chromosome at the excision site should not allow recombinational interaction with the homologous chromosome, and that the linked inverted repeat should also be mobilizable. To test the first prediction, we measured recombination of flanking chromosomal arms selected for the excision of Ds. In congruence with the model, Ds excision did not influence crossover recombination. Furthermore, evidence for correlated movement of the adjacent inverted repeat sequence is presented; its origin and movement suggest a novel mechanism for the evolution of repeated elements. Taken together these results suggest that the movement of transposable elements themselves may not directly influence linkage. Possibility remains, however, for novel repeated DNA sequences produced as a consequence of transposon movement to influence crossover in subsequent generations.Marybeth LangerLynn F SniderhanUeli GrossniklausAnimesh RayPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 2, Iss 10, p e965 (2007)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marybeth Langer Lynn F Sniderhan Ueli Grossniklaus Animesh Ray Transposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.
description	The role of transposable elements in sculpting the genome is well appreciated but remains poorly understood. Some organisms, such as humans, do not have active transposons; however, transposable elements were presumably active in their ancestral genomes. Of specific interest is whether the DNA surrounding the sites of transposon excision become recombinogenic, thus bringing about homologous recombination. Previous studies in maize and Drosophila have provided conflicting evidence on whether transposon excision is correlated with homologous recombination. Here we take advantage of an atypical Dissociation (Ds) element, a maize transposon that can be mobilized by the Ac transposase gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, to address questions on the mechanism of Ds excision. This atypical Ds element contains an adjacent 598 base pairs (bp) inverted repeat; the element was allowed to excise by the introduction of an unlinked Ac transposase source through mating. Footprints at the excision site suggest a micro-homology mediated non-homologous end joining reminiscent of V(D)J recombination involving the formation of intra-helix 3' to 5' trans-esterification as an intermediate, a mechanism consistent with previous observations in maize, Antirrhinum and in certain insects. The proposed mechanism suggests that the broken chromosome at the excision site should not allow recombinational interaction with the homologous chromosome, and that the linked inverted repeat should also be mobilizable. To test the first prediction, we measured recombination of flanking chromosomal arms selected for the excision of Ds. In congruence with the model, Ds excision did not influence crossover recombination. Furthermore, evidence for correlated movement of the adjacent inverted repeat sequence is presented; its origin and movement suggest a novel mechanism for the evolution of repeated elements. Taken together these results suggest that the movement of transposable elements themselves may not directly influence linkage. Possibility remains, however, for novel repeated DNA sequences produced as a consequence of transposon movement to influence crossover in subsequent generations.
format	article
author	Marybeth Langer Lynn F Sniderhan Ueli Grossniklaus Animesh Ray
author_facet	Marybeth Langer Lynn F Sniderhan Ueli Grossniklaus Animesh Ray
author_sort	Marybeth Langer
title	Transposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.
title_short	Transposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.
title_full	Transposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.
title_fullStr	Transposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.
title_full_unstemmed	Transposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.
title_sort	transposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2007
url	https://doaj.org/article/9ff1446462ea42b7a49bb403f093a759
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Transposon excision from an atypical site: a mechanism of evolution of novel transposable elements.

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