The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (<i>Haliotis iris</i>)

The New Zealand abalone industry relies mostly on the export of processed products to distant Asian markets, notably China. Over the past five years, live export of high quality abalone from New Zealand has proven successful. However, transport of live animals is associated with multiple stressors t...

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Autores principales:	Andrea C. Alfaro, Thao V. Nguyen, Leonie Venter, Jessica A. Ericson, Shaneel Sharma, Norman L. C. Ragg, Craig Mundy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	metabolomics abalone stress responses live transportation resuscitation GC–MS Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9ff19596d4e2480ab8b1ea8b0bca8cc8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9ff19596d4e2480ab8b1ea8b0bca8cc82021-11-25T18:20:38ZThe Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (<i>Haliotis iris</i>)10.3390/metabo111107482218-1989https://doaj.org/article/9ff19596d4e2480ab8b1ea8b0bca8cc82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/11/748https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1989The New Zealand abalone industry relies mostly on the export of processed products to distant Asian markets, notably China. Over the past five years, live export of high quality abalone from New Zealand has proven successful. However, transport of live animals is associated with multiple stressors that affect survival and meat quality at the end of the transport phase. Better understanding of transport-derived stress is needed to improve transport conditions and recovery at destination to ensure high product quality and safety throughout the supply chain. To this end, we applied an untargeted GC–MS-based metabolomics approach to examine the changes in metabolite profiles of abalone after a 2-day transport event and subsequent water re-immersion for 2 days. The results revealed alterations of many metabolites in the haemolymph and muscle of post-transported abalone. Decreased concentrations of many amino acids suggest high energy demands for metabolism and stress responses of transported abalone, while increases of other amino acids may indicate active osmoregulation and/or protein degradation due to oxidative stress and apoptosis. The accumulation of citric acid cycle intermediates and anaerobic end-products are suggestive of hypoxia stress and a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism (resulting from aerial exposure). Interestingly, some features in the metabolite profile of reimmersed abalone resembled those of pre-transported individuals, suggesting progressive recovery after reimmersion in water. Evidence of recovery was observed in the reduction of some stress biomarkers (e.g., lactic acid, succinic acid) following reimmersion. This study revealed insights into the metabolic responses to transport stress in abalone and highlights the importance of reimmersion practices in the supply chain of live animal exports.Andrea C. AlfaroThao V. NguyenLeonie VenterJessica A. EricsonShaneel SharmaNorman L. C. RaggCraig MundyMDPI AGarticlemetabolomicsabalonestress responseslive transportationresuscitationGC–MSMicrobiologyQR1-502ENMetabolites, Vol 11, Iss 748, p 748 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	metabolomics abalone stress responses live transportation resuscitation GC–MS Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	metabolomics abalone stress responses live transportation resuscitation GC–MS Microbiology QR1-502 Andrea C. Alfaro Thao V. Nguyen Leonie Venter Jessica A. Ericson Shaneel Sharma Norman L. C. Ragg Craig Mundy The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (<i>Haliotis iris</i>)
description	The New Zealand abalone industry relies mostly on the export of processed products to distant Asian markets, notably China. Over the past five years, live export of high quality abalone from New Zealand has proven successful. However, transport of live animals is associated with multiple stressors that affect survival and meat quality at the end of the transport phase. Better understanding of transport-derived stress is needed to improve transport conditions and recovery at destination to ensure high product quality and safety throughout the supply chain. To this end, we applied an untargeted GC–MS-based metabolomics approach to examine the changes in metabolite profiles of abalone after a 2-day transport event and subsequent water re-immersion for 2 days. The results revealed alterations of many metabolites in the haemolymph and muscle of post-transported abalone. Decreased concentrations of many amino acids suggest high energy demands for metabolism and stress responses of transported abalone, while increases of other amino acids may indicate active osmoregulation and/or protein degradation due to oxidative stress and apoptosis. The accumulation of citric acid cycle intermediates and anaerobic end-products are suggestive of hypoxia stress and a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism (resulting from aerial exposure). Interestingly, some features in the metabolite profile of reimmersed abalone resembled those of pre-transported individuals, suggesting progressive recovery after reimmersion in water. Evidence of recovery was observed in the reduction of some stress biomarkers (e.g., lactic acid, succinic acid) following reimmersion. This study revealed insights into the metabolic responses to transport stress in abalone and highlights the importance of reimmersion practices in the supply chain of live animal exports.
format	article
author	Andrea C. Alfaro Thao V. Nguyen Leonie Venter Jessica A. Ericson Shaneel Sharma Norman L. C. Ragg Craig Mundy
author_facet	Andrea C. Alfaro Thao V. Nguyen Leonie Venter Jessica A. Ericson Shaneel Sharma Norman L. C. Ragg Craig Mundy
author_sort	Andrea C. Alfaro
title	The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (<i>Haliotis iris</i>)
title_short	The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (<i>Haliotis iris</i>)
title_full	The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (<i>Haliotis iris</i>)
title_fullStr	The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (<i>Haliotis iris</i>)
title_full_unstemmed	The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (<i>Haliotis iris</i>)
title_sort	effects of live transport on metabolism and stress responses of abalone (<i>haliotis iris</i>)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9ff19596d4e2480ab8b1ea8b0bca8cc8
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The Effects of Live Transport on Metabolism and Stress Responses of Abalone (<i>Haliotis iris</i>)

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