Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>

ABSTRACT Grf10, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, regulates adenylate and one-carbon metabolism and morphogenesis in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Here, we identified functional domains and key residues involved in transcription factor activity using one-hybrid and mutatio...

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Autores principales:	Tanaporn Wangsanut, Joshua M. Tobin, Ronda J. Rolfes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Candida albicans morphogenesis purine metabolism transcription factors Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a010629c8a494a91a0a3fce172fda088
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a010629c8a494a91a0a3fce172fda0882021-11-15T15:22:26ZFunctional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>10.1128/mSphere.00467-182379-5042https://doaj.org/article/a010629c8a494a91a0a3fce172fda0882018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00467-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Grf10, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, regulates adenylate and one-carbon metabolism and morphogenesis in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Here, we identified functional domains and key residues involved in transcription factor activity using one-hybrid and mutational analyses. We localized activation domains to the C-terminal half of the Grf10 protein by one-hybrid analysis and identified motifs using bioinformatic analyses; one of the characterized activation domains (AD1) responded to temperature. The LexA-Grf10 fusion protein activated the lexAop-HIS1 reporter in an adenine-dependent fashion, and this activation was independent of Bas1, showing that the adenine limitation signal is transmitted directly to Grf10. Overexpression of LexA-Grf10 led to filamentation, and this required a functioning homeodomain, consistent with Grf10 controlling the expression of key filamentation genes; filamentation induced by LexA-Grf10 overexpression was independent of adenine levels and Bas1. Alanine substitutions were made within the conserved interaction regions (IR) of LexA-Grf10 and Grf10 to investigate roles in transcription. In LexA-Grf10, the D302A mutation activated transcription constitutively, and the E305A mutation was regulated by adenine. When these mutations were introduced into the native gene locus, the D302A mutation was unable to complement the ADE phenotype and did not promote filamentation under hypha-inducing conditions; the E305A mutant behaved as the native gene with respect to the ADE phenotype and was partially defective in inducing hyphae. These results demonstrate allele-specific responses with respect to the different phenotypes, consistent with perturbations in the ability of Grf10 to interact with multiple partner proteins. IMPORTANCE Metabolic adaptation and morphogenesis are essential for Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, to survive and infect diverse body sites in the mammalian host. C. albicans utilizes transcription factors to tightly control the transcription of metabolic genes and morphogenesis genes. Grf10, a critical homeodomain transcription factor, controls purine and one-carbon metabolism in response to adenine limitation, and Grf10 is necessary for the yeast-to-hypha morphological switching, a known virulence factor. Here, we carried out one-hybrid and mutational analyses to identify functional domains of Grf10. Our results show that Grf10 separately regulates metabolic and morphogenesis genes, and it contains a conserved protein domain for protein partner interaction, allowing Grf10 to control the transcription of multiple distinct pathways. Our findings contribute significantly to understanding the role and mechanism of transcription factors that control multiple pathogenic traits in C. albicans.Tanaporn WangsanutJoshua M. TobinRonda J. RolfesAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCandida albicansmorphogenesispurine metabolismtranscription factorsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 3, Iss 5 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Candida albicans morphogenesis purine metabolism transcription factors Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Candida albicans morphogenesis purine metabolism transcription factors Microbiology QR1-502 Tanaporn Wangsanut Joshua M. Tobin Ronda J. Rolfes Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Grf10, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, regulates adenylate and one-carbon metabolism and morphogenesis in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Here, we identified functional domains and key residues involved in transcription factor activity using one-hybrid and mutational analyses. We localized activation domains to the C-terminal half of the Grf10 protein by one-hybrid analysis and identified motifs using bioinformatic analyses; one of the characterized activation domains (AD1) responded to temperature. The LexA-Grf10 fusion protein activated the lexAop-HIS1 reporter in an adenine-dependent fashion, and this activation was independent of Bas1, showing that the adenine limitation signal is transmitted directly to Grf10. Overexpression of LexA-Grf10 led to filamentation, and this required a functioning homeodomain, consistent with Grf10 controlling the expression of key filamentation genes; filamentation induced by LexA-Grf10 overexpression was independent of adenine levels and Bas1. Alanine substitutions were made within the conserved interaction regions (IR) of LexA-Grf10 and Grf10 to investigate roles in transcription. In LexA-Grf10, the D302A mutation activated transcription constitutively, and the E305A mutation was regulated by adenine. When these mutations were introduced into the native gene locus, the D302A mutation was unable to complement the ADE phenotype and did not promote filamentation under hypha-inducing conditions; the E305A mutant behaved as the native gene with respect to the ADE phenotype and was partially defective in inducing hyphae. These results demonstrate allele-specific responses with respect to the different phenotypes, consistent with perturbations in the ability of Grf10 to interact with multiple partner proteins. IMPORTANCE Metabolic adaptation and morphogenesis are essential for Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, to survive and infect diverse body sites in the mammalian host. C. albicans utilizes transcription factors to tightly control the transcription of metabolic genes and morphogenesis genes. Grf10, a critical homeodomain transcription factor, controls purine and one-carbon metabolism in response to adenine limitation, and Grf10 is necessary for the yeast-to-hypha morphological switching, a known virulence factor. Here, we carried out one-hybrid and mutational analyses to identify functional domains of Grf10. Our results show that Grf10 separately regulates metabolic and morphogenesis genes, and it contains a conserved protein domain for protein partner interaction, allowing Grf10 to control the transcription of multiple distinct pathways. Our findings contribute significantly to understanding the role and mechanism of transcription factors that control multiple pathogenic traits in C. albicans.
format	article
author	Tanaporn Wangsanut Joshua M. Tobin Ronda J. Rolfes
author_facet	Tanaporn Wangsanut Joshua M. Tobin Ronda J. Rolfes
author_sort	Tanaporn Wangsanut
title	Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_short	Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_full	Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_fullStr	Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>
title_sort	functional mapping of transcription factor grf10 that regulates adenine-responsive and filamentation genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">candida albicans</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/a010629c8a494a91a0a3fce172fda088
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Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content>

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