Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency has been increased globally over the last two decades. However, the majority of these studies are concerned with cities and there is scant information regarding the prevalence of vitamin D in rural areas. The main aim of t...

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Autores principales:	Maryam Marzban, Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi, Mehdi Mahmudpour, Afshin Ostovar, Saeed Keshmiri, Amir Hossein Darabi, Abdolmohammad Khajeian, Amirreza Bolkheir, Azam Amini, Iraj Nabipour
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Vitamin D deficiency Prevalence Rural Enrichment Iran Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a01283e76d834d5cb567238fe44f6ca5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a01283e76d834d5cb567238fe44f6ca52021-11-07T12:02:22ZPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf10.1186/s12902-021-00877-51472-6823https://doaj.org/article/a01283e76d834d5cb567238fe44f6ca52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00877-5https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6823Abstract Background Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency has been increased globally over the last two decades. However, the majority of these studies are concerned with cities and there is scant information regarding the prevalence of vitamin D in rural areas. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among the rural population in Bushehr province which shares the longest border with the Persian Gulf. Methods The rural inhabitants of more than 25 years old from three mountainous, plain, and seashore areas of Bushehr province were selected through a stratified multi-cluster random sampling method. After obtaining the participants’ demographic and anthropometric data and their past medical history, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using ELISA. Results A total of 1806 (means ±SD, 46± 14years old) rural subjects (35 % males and 65 % females) participated in this study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were 28 %, 50 %, and 22 %, respectively. The deficiency of vitamin D in women was higher than in men (OR=1.27, 95 % CI: 1.05 to 1.54, P=0.04). There was a positive significant correlation between age and serum vitamin D levels. Men with vitamin D deficiency had higher BMI (P=0.008); this association was not observed among women (P=0.7). There was no significant difference between the food item’s consumption frequencies, and vitamin D status (P>0.05). The mountainous, and plain areas had the highest and lowest vitamin D levels, respectively. Conclusions Although, Bushehr province is located in a sunny part of Iran, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high among its rural population. The shift of their lifestyle patterns and rapid industrialization in these rural areas may be responsible. Therefore, the enrichment of dietary sources with vitamin D and the use of vitamin D supplements are recommended to tackle the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.Maryam MarzbanMohammadreza KalantarhormoziMehdi MahmudpourAfshin OstovarSaeed KeshmiriAmir Hossein DarabiAbdolmohammad KhajeianAmirreza BolkheirAzam AminiIraj NabipourBMCarticleVitamin D deficiencyPrevalenceRuralEnrichmentIranDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinologyRC648-665ENBMC Endocrine Disorders, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Vitamin D deficiency Prevalence Rural Enrichment Iran Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
spellingShingle	Vitamin D deficiency Prevalence Rural Enrichment Iran Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665 Maryam Marzban Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi Mehdi Mahmudpour Afshin Ostovar Saeed Keshmiri Amir Hossein Darabi Abdolmohammad Khajeian Amirreza Bolkheir Azam Amini Iraj Nabipour Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf
description	Abstract Background Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency has been increased globally over the last two decades. However, the majority of these studies are concerned with cities and there is scant information regarding the prevalence of vitamin D in rural areas. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among the rural population in Bushehr province which shares the longest border with the Persian Gulf. Methods The rural inhabitants of more than 25 years old from three mountainous, plain, and seashore areas of Bushehr province were selected through a stratified multi-cluster random sampling method. After obtaining the participants’ demographic and anthropometric data and their past medical history, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using ELISA. Results A total of 1806 (means ±SD, 46± 14years old) rural subjects (35 % males and 65 % females) participated in this study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were 28 %, 50 %, and 22 %, respectively. The deficiency of vitamin D in women was higher than in men (OR=1.27, 95 % CI: 1.05 to 1.54, P=0.04). There was a positive significant correlation between age and serum vitamin D levels. Men with vitamin D deficiency had higher BMI (P=0.008); this association was not observed among women (P=0.7). There was no significant difference between the food item’s consumption frequencies, and vitamin D status (P>0.05). The mountainous, and plain areas had the highest and lowest vitamin D levels, respectively. Conclusions Although, Bushehr province is located in a sunny part of Iran, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high among its rural population. The shift of their lifestyle patterns and rapid industrialization in these rural areas may be responsible. Therefore, the enrichment of dietary sources with vitamin D and the use of vitamin D supplements are recommended to tackle the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.
format	article
author	Maryam Marzban Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi Mehdi Mahmudpour Afshin Ostovar Saeed Keshmiri Amir Hossein Darabi Abdolmohammad Khajeian Amirreza Bolkheir Azam Amini Iraj Nabipour
author_facet	Maryam Marzban Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi Mehdi Mahmudpour Afshin Ostovar Saeed Keshmiri Amir Hossein Darabi Abdolmohammad Khajeian Amirreza Bolkheir Azam Amini Iraj Nabipour
author_sort	Maryam Marzban
title	Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf
title_short	Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf
title_full	Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf
title_fullStr	Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf
title_sort	prevalence of vitamin d deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the persian gulf
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a01283e76d834d5cb567238fe44f6ca5
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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf

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