Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Salvia officinalis Leaf Extract and Their Photocatalytic and Antifungal Activities

The facile bio-fabrication of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) is described in this study using an aqueous leaf extract of Salvia officinalis L. as an efficient stabilizing/capping agent. Biosynthesis of nanomaterials using phytochemicals present in the plan...

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Autores principales:	May Abdullah Abomuti, Ekram Y. Danish, Ahmad Firoz, Nazim Hasan, Maqsood Ahmad Malik
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	green synthesis <i>Salvia officinalis</i> phytochemicals antifungal activity photocatalytic activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a01ab740dbe54c25b00c77ecf2a00b11
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a01ab740dbe54c25b00c77ecf2a00b112021-11-25T16:46:46ZGreen Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Leaf Extract and Their Photocatalytic and Antifungal Activities10.3390/biology101110752079-7737https://doaj.org/article/a01ab740dbe54c25b00c77ecf2a00b112021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1075https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737The facile bio-fabrication of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) is described in this study using an aqueous leaf extract of <i>Salvia officinalis</i> <i>L</i>. as an efficient stabilizing/capping agent. Biosynthesis of nanomaterials using phytochemicals present in the plants has received great attention and is gaining significant importance as a possible alternative to the conventional chemical methods. The properties of the bio-fabricated ZnONPs were examined by different techniques, such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TGA/DTG). The photocatalytic activity of ZnONPs was investigated against methyl orange (MO) under UV light irradiation. Under optimum experimental conditions, ZnONPs exhibited 92.47% degradation of MO. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of bio-fabricated ZnONPs was determined against different clinical <i>Candida albicans</i> isolates following standard protocols of broth microdilution and disc diffusion assay. The susceptibility assay revealed that ZnONPs inhibit the growth of all the tested fungal isolates at varying levels with MIC values ranging from 7.81 to 1.95 µg/mL. Insight mechanisms of antifungal action appeared to be originated via inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis and the disruption of membrane integrity. Thus, it was postulated that bio-fabricated ZnONPs have sustainable applications in developing novel antifungal agents with multiple drug targets. In addition, ZnONPs show efficient photocatalytic efficiency without any significant catalytic loss after the catalyst was recycled and reused multiple times.May Abdullah AbomutiEkram Y. DanishAhmad FirozNazim HasanMaqsood Ahmad MalikMDPI AGarticlegreen synthesis<i>Salvia officinalis</i>phytochemicalsantifungal activityphotocatalytic activityBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1075, p 1075 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	green synthesis <i>Salvia officinalis</i> phytochemicals antifungal activity photocatalytic activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	green synthesis <i>Salvia officinalis</i> phytochemicals antifungal activity photocatalytic activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5 May Abdullah Abomuti Ekram Y. Danish Ahmad Firoz Nazim Hasan Maqsood Ahmad Malik Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Leaf Extract and Their Photocatalytic and Antifungal Activities
description	The facile bio-fabrication of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) is described in this study using an aqueous leaf extract of <i>Salvia officinalis</i> <i>L</i>. as an efficient stabilizing/capping agent. Biosynthesis of nanomaterials using phytochemicals present in the plants has received great attention and is gaining significant importance as a possible alternative to the conventional chemical methods. The properties of the bio-fabricated ZnONPs were examined by different techniques, such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TGA/DTG). The photocatalytic activity of ZnONPs was investigated against methyl orange (MO) under UV light irradiation. Under optimum experimental conditions, ZnONPs exhibited 92.47% degradation of MO. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of bio-fabricated ZnONPs was determined against different clinical <i>Candida albicans</i> isolates following standard protocols of broth microdilution and disc diffusion assay. The susceptibility assay revealed that ZnONPs inhibit the growth of all the tested fungal isolates at varying levels with MIC values ranging from 7.81 to 1.95 µg/mL. Insight mechanisms of antifungal action appeared to be originated via inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis and the disruption of membrane integrity. Thus, it was postulated that bio-fabricated ZnONPs have sustainable applications in developing novel antifungal agents with multiple drug targets. In addition, ZnONPs show efficient photocatalytic efficiency without any significant catalytic loss after the catalyst was recycled and reused multiple times.
format	article
author	May Abdullah Abomuti Ekram Y. Danish Ahmad Firoz Nazim Hasan Maqsood Ahmad Malik
author_facet	May Abdullah Abomuti Ekram Y. Danish Ahmad Firoz Nazim Hasan Maqsood Ahmad Malik
author_sort	May Abdullah Abomuti
title	Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Leaf Extract and Their Photocatalytic and Antifungal Activities
title_short	Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Leaf Extract and Their Photocatalytic and Antifungal Activities
title_full	Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Leaf Extract and Their Photocatalytic and Antifungal Activities
title_fullStr	Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Leaf Extract and Their Photocatalytic and Antifungal Activities
title_full_unstemmed	Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Leaf Extract and Their Photocatalytic and Antifungal Activities
title_sort	green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using <i>salvia officinalis</i> leaf extract and their photocatalytic and antifungal activities
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a01ab740dbe54c25b00c77ecf2a00b11
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Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Leaf Extract and Their Photocatalytic and Antifungal Activities

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