Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)

Abstract Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherers from the Near East introduced wild boars (Sus scrofa) to Cyprus, with the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) settlers hunting the wild descendants of these boars. However, the geographic origin of the Cypriot boar and how they were integrated into the earliest...

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Autores principales:	Thomas Cucchi, Auriale Domont, Hugo Harbers, Charlotte Leduc, Aurélie Guidez, Anne Bridault, Hitomi Hongo, Max Price, Joris Peters, François Briois, Jean Guilaine, Jean-Denis Vigne
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a02901208dfa47b0943f5fa8b68d181e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a02901208dfa47b0943f5fa8b68d181e2021-12-02T18:25:04ZBones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)10.1038/s41598-021-90933-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a02901208dfa47b0943f5fa8b68d181e2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90933-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherers from the Near East introduced wild boars (Sus scrofa) to Cyprus, with the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) settlers hunting the wild descendants of these boars. However, the geographic origin of the Cypriot boar and how they were integrated into the earliest forms of pig husbandry remain unsolved. Here, we present data on 11,000 to 9000 cal. BP Sus scrofa from the PPN sites of Klimonas and Shillourokambos. We compared them to contemporaneous populations from the Near East and to Neolithic and modern populations in Corsica, exploring their origin and evolution using biosystematic signals from molar teeth and heel bones (calcanei), using 2D and 3D geometric morphometrics. We found that the Cypriot PPN lineage of Sus scrofa originates from the Northern Levant. Yet, their phenotypic idiosyncrasy suggest that they evolved into an insular sub-species that we named Sus scrofa circeus, referring to Circe, the metamorphosis goddess that changed Ulysses companions into pigs. The phenotypic homogeneity among PPNA Klimonas wild boars and managed populations of PPNB Shillourokambos suggests that local domestication has been undertaken on the endemic S. s. circeus, strengthening the idea that Cyprus was integrated into the core region of animal domestication.Thomas CucchiAuriale DomontHugo HarbersCharlotte LeducAurélie GuidezAnne BridaultHitomi HongoMax PriceJoris PetersFrançois BrioisJean GuilaineJean-Denis VigneNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Thomas Cucchi Auriale Domont Hugo Harbers Charlotte Leduc Aurélie Guidez Anne Bridault Hitomi Hongo Max Price Joris Peters François Briois Jean Guilaine Jean-Denis Vigne Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)
description	Abstract Epipaleolithic hunter-gatherers from the Near East introduced wild boars (Sus scrofa) to Cyprus, with the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) settlers hunting the wild descendants of these boars. However, the geographic origin of the Cypriot boar and how they were integrated into the earliest forms of pig husbandry remain unsolved. Here, we present data on 11,000 to 9000 cal. BP Sus scrofa from the PPN sites of Klimonas and Shillourokambos. We compared them to contemporaneous populations from the Near East and to Neolithic and modern populations in Corsica, exploring their origin and evolution using biosystematic signals from molar teeth and heel bones (calcanei), using 2D and 3D geometric morphometrics. We found that the Cypriot PPN lineage of Sus scrofa originates from the Northern Levant. Yet, their phenotypic idiosyncrasy suggest that they evolved into an insular sub-species that we named Sus scrofa circeus, referring to Circe, the metamorphosis goddess that changed Ulysses companions into pigs. The phenotypic homogeneity among PPNA Klimonas wild boars and managed populations of PPNB Shillourokambos suggests that local domestication has been undertaken on the endemic S. s. circeus, strengthening the idea that Cyprus was integrated into the core region of animal domestication.
format	article
author	Thomas Cucchi Auriale Domont Hugo Harbers Charlotte Leduc Aurélie Guidez Anne Bridault Hitomi Hongo Max Price Joris Peters François Briois Jean Guilaine Jean-Denis Vigne
author_facet	Thomas Cucchi Auriale Domont Hugo Harbers Charlotte Leduc Aurélie Guidez Anne Bridault Hitomi Hongo Max Price Joris Peters François Briois Jean Guilaine Jean-Denis Vigne
author_sort	Thomas Cucchi
title	Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)
title_short	Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)
title_full	Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)
title_fullStr	Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)
title_full_unstemmed	Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)
title_sort	bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. bp domestication of autochthonous cypriot wild boar (sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a02901208dfa47b0943f5fa8b68d181e
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Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)

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