Oxygen Limitation within a Bacterial Aggregate

ABSTRACT Cells within biofilms exhibit physiological heterogeneity, in part because of chemical gradients existing within these spatially structured communities. Previous work has examined how chemical gradients develop in large biofilms containing >108 cells. However, many bacterial communities...

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Autores principales:	Aimee K. Wessel, Talha A. Arshad, Mignon Fitzpatrick, Jodi L. Connell, Roger T. Bonnecaze, Jason B. Shear, Marvin Whiteley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a037e6ccbf604edf85651ed8db0e8705
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a037e6ccbf604edf85651ed8db0e87052021-11-15T15:45:13ZOxygen Limitation within a Bacterial Aggregate10.1128/mBio.00992-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/a037e6ccbf604edf85651ed8db0e87052014-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00992-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Cells within biofilms exhibit physiological heterogeneity, in part because of chemical gradients existing within these spatially structured communities. Previous work has examined how chemical gradients develop in large biofilms containing >108 cells. However, many bacterial communities in nature are composed of small, densely packed aggregates of cells (≤105 bacteria). Using a gelatin-based three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy, we confined the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa within picoliter-sized 3D “microtraps” that are permeable to nutrients, waste products, and other bioactive small molecules. We show that as a single bacterium grows into a maximally dense (1012 cells ml−1) clonal population, a localized depletion of oxygen develops when it reaches a critical aggregate size of ~55 pl. Collectively, these data demonstrate that chemical and phenotypic heterogeneity exists on the micrometer scale within small aggregate populations. IMPORTANCE Before developing into large, complex communities, microbes initially cluster into aggregates, and it is unclear if chemical heterogeneity exists in these ubiquitous micrometer-scale aggregates. We chose to examine oxygen availability within an aggregate since oxygen concentration impacts a number of important bacterial processes, including metabolism, social behaviors, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. By determining that oxygen availability can vary within aggregates containing ≤105 bacteria, we establish that physiological heterogeneity exists within P. aeruginosa aggregates, suggesting that such heterogeneity frequently exists in many naturally occurring small populations.Aimee K. WesselTalha A. ArshadMignon FitzpatrickJodi L. ConnellRoger T. BonnecazeJason B. ShearMarvin WhiteleyAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Aimee K. Wessel Talha A. Arshad Mignon Fitzpatrick Jodi L. Connell Roger T. Bonnecaze Jason B. Shear Marvin Whiteley Oxygen Limitation within a Bacterial Aggregate
description	ABSTRACT Cells within biofilms exhibit physiological heterogeneity, in part because of chemical gradients existing within these spatially structured communities. Previous work has examined how chemical gradients develop in large biofilms containing >108 cells. However, many bacterial communities in nature are composed of small, densely packed aggregates of cells (≤105 bacteria). Using a gelatin-based three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy, we confined the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa within picoliter-sized 3D “microtraps” that are permeable to nutrients, waste products, and other bioactive small molecules. We show that as a single bacterium grows into a maximally dense (1012 cells ml−1) clonal population, a localized depletion of oxygen develops when it reaches a critical aggregate size of ~55 pl. Collectively, these data demonstrate that chemical and phenotypic heterogeneity exists on the micrometer scale within small aggregate populations. IMPORTANCE Before developing into large, complex communities, microbes initially cluster into aggregates, and it is unclear if chemical heterogeneity exists in these ubiquitous micrometer-scale aggregates. We chose to examine oxygen availability within an aggregate since oxygen concentration impacts a number of important bacterial processes, including metabolism, social behaviors, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. By determining that oxygen availability can vary within aggregates containing ≤105 bacteria, we establish that physiological heterogeneity exists within P. aeruginosa aggregates, suggesting that such heterogeneity frequently exists in many naturally occurring small populations.
format	article
author	Aimee K. Wessel Talha A. Arshad Mignon Fitzpatrick Jodi L. Connell Roger T. Bonnecaze Jason B. Shear Marvin Whiteley
author_facet	Aimee K. Wessel Talha A. Arshad Mignon Fitzpatrick Jodi L. Connell Roger T. Bonnecaze Jason B. Shear Marvin Whiteley
author_sort	Aimee K. Wessel
title	Oxygen Limitation within a Bacterial Aggregate
title_short	Oxygen Limitation within a Bacterial Aggregate
title_full	Oxygen Limitation within a Bacterial Aggregate
title_fullStr	Oxygen Limitation within a Bacterial Aggregate
title_full_unstemmed	Oxygen Limitation within a Bacterial Aggregate
title_sort	oxygen limitation within a bacterial aggregate
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/a037e6ccbf604edf85651ed8db0e8705
work_keys_str_mv	AT aimeekwessel oxygenlimitationwithinabacterialaggregate AT talhaaarshad oxygenlimitationwithinabacterialaggregate AT mignonfitzpatrick oxygenlimitationwithinabacterialaggregate AT jodilconnell oxygenlimitationwithinabacterialaggregate AT rogertbonnecaze oxygenlimitationwithinabacterialaggregate AT jasonbshear oxygenlimitationwithinabacterialaggregate AT marvinwhiteley oxygenlimitationwithinabacterialaggregate
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Oxygen Limitation within a Bacterial Aggregate

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