Comparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite which infects nearly one third of the human population and is found in an extraordinary range of vertebrate hosts. Its epidemiology depends heavily on horizontal transmission, especially between rodents and its definitive host, the cat. Neospora can...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Adam James Reid, Sarah J Vermont, James A Cotton, David Harris, Grant A Hill-Cawthorne, Stephanie Könen-Waisman, Sophia M Latham, Tobias Mourier, Rebecca Norton, Michael A Quail, Mandy Sanders, Dhanasekaran Shanmugam, Amandeep Sohal, James D Wasmuth, Brian Brunk, Michael E Grigg, Jonathan C Howard, John Parkinson, David S Roos, Alexander J Trees, Matthew Berriman, Arnab Pain, Jonathan M Wastling
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a04ec77d13744e8f9022f50a79a46f93
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:a04ec77d13744e8f9022f50a79a46f93
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a04ec77d13744e8f9022f50a79a46f932021-11-18T06:04:39ZComparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1002567https://doaj.org/article/a04ec77d13744e8f9022f50a79a46f932012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22457617/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite which infects nearly one third of the human population and is found in an extraordinary range of vertebrate hosts. Its epidemiology depends heavily on horizontal transmission, especially between rodents and its definitive host, the cat. Neospora caninum is a recently discovered close relative of Toxoplasma, whose definitive host is the dog. Both species are tissue-dwelling Coccidia and members of the phylum Apicomplexa; they share many common features, but Neospora neither infects humans nor shares the same wide host range as Toxoplasma, rather it shows a striking preference for highly efficient vertical transmission in cattle. These species therefore provide a remarkable opportunity to investigate mechanisms of host restriction, transmission strategies, virulence and zoonotic potential. We sequenced the genome of N. caninum and transcriptomes of the invasive stage of both species, undertaking an extensive comparative genomics and transcriptomics analysis. We estimate that these organisms diverged from their common ancestor around 28 million years ago and find that both genomes and gene expression are remarkably conserved. However, in N. caninum we identified an unexpected expansion of surface antigen gene families and the divergence of secreted virulence factors, including rhoptry kinases. Specifically we show that the rhoptry kinase ROP18 is pseudogenised in N. caninum and that, as a possible consequence, Neospora is unable to phosphorylate host immunity-related GTPases, as Toxoplasma does. This defense strategy is thought to be key to virulence in Toxoplasma. We conclude that the ecological niches occupied by these species are influenced by a relatively small number of gene products which operate at the host-parasite interface and that the dominance of vertical transmission in N. caninum may be associated with the evolution of reduced virulence in this species.Adam James ReidSarah J VermontJames A CottonDavid HarrisGrant A Hill-CawthorneStephanie Könen-WaismanSophia M LathamTobias MourierRebecca NortonMichael A QuailMandy SandersDhanasekaran ShanmugamAmandeep SohalJames D WasmuthBrian BrunkMichael E GriggJonathan C HowardJohn ParkinsonDavid S RoosAlexander J TreesMatthew BerrimanArnab PainJonathan M WastlingPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e1002567 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Adam James Reid Sarah J Vermont James A Cotton David Harris Grant A Hill-Cawthorne Stephanie Könen-Waisman Sophia M Latham Tobias Mourier Rebecca Norton Michael A Quail Mandy Sanders Dhanasekaran Shanmugam Amandeep Sohal James D Wasmuth Brian Brunk Michael E Grigg Jonathan C Howard John Parkinson David S Roos Alexander J Trees Matthew Berriman Arnab Pain Jonathan M Wastling Comparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.
description	Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite which infects nearly one third of the human population and is found in an extraordinary range of vertebrate hosts. Its epidemiology depends heavily on horizontal transmission, especially between rodents and its definitive host, the cat. Neospora caninum is a recently discovered close relative of Toxoplasma, whose definitive host is the dog. Both species are tissue-dwelling Coccidia and members of the phylum Apicomplexa; they share many common features, but Neospora neither infects humans nor shares the same wide host range as Toxoplasma, rather it shows a striking preference for highly efficient vertical transmission in cattle. These species therefore provide a remarkable opportunity to investigate mechanisms of host restriction, transmission strategies, virulence and zoonotic potential. We sequenced the genome of N. caninum and transcriptomes of the invasive stage of both species, undertaking an extensive comparative genomics and transcriptomics analysis. We estimate that these organisms diverged from their common ancestor around 28 million years ago and find that both genomes and gene expression are remarkably conserved. However, in N. caninum we identified an unexpected expansion of surface antigen gene families and the divergence of secreted virulence factors, including rhoptry kinases. Specifically we show that the rhoptry kinase ROP18 is pseudogenised in N. caninum and that, as a possible consequence, Neospora is unable to phosphorylate host immunity-related GTPases, as Toxoplasma does. This defense strategy is thought to be key to virulence in Toxoplasma. We conclude that the ecological niches occupied by these species are influenced by a relatively small number of gene products which operate at the host-parasite interface and that the dominance of vertical transmission in N. caninum may be associated with the evolution of reduced virulence in this species.
format	article
author	Adam James Reid Sarah J Vermont James A Cotton David Harris Grant A Hill-Cawthorne Stephanie Könen-Waisman Sophia M Latham Tobias Mourier Rebecca Norton Michael A Quail Mandy Sanders Dhanasekaran Shanmugam Amandeep Sohal James D Wasmuth Brian Brunk Michael E Grigg Jonathan C Howard John Parkinson David S Roos Alexander J Trees Matthew Berriman Arnab Pain Jonathan M Wastling
author_facet	Adam James Reid Sarah J Vermont James A Cotton David Harris Grant A Hill-Cawthorne Stephanie Könen-Waisman Sophia M Latham Tobias Mourier Rebecca Norton Michael A Quail Mandy Sanders Dhanasekaran Shanmugam Amandeep Sohal James D Wasmuth Brian Brunk Michael E Grigg Jonathan C Howard John Parkinson David S Roos Alexander J Trees Matthew Berriman Arnab Pain Jonathan M Wastling
author_sort	Adam James Reid
title	Comparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.
title_short	Comparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.
title_full	Comparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.
title_fullStr	Comparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.
title_sort	comparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum: coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/a04ec77d13744e8f9022f50a79a46f93
work_keys_str_mv	AT adamjamesreid comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT sarahjvermont comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT jamesacotton comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT davidharris comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT grantahillcawthorne comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT stephaniekonenwaisman comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT sophiamlatham comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT tobiasmourier comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT rebeccanorton comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT michaelaquail comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT mandysanders comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT dhanasekaranshanmugam comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT amandeepsohal comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT jamesdwasmuth comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT brianbrunk comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT michaelegrigg comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT jonathanchoward comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT johnparkinson comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT davidsroos comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT alexanderjtrees comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT matthewberriman comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT arnabpain comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy AT jonathanmwastling comparativegenomicsoftheapicomplexanparasitestoxoplasmagondiiandneosporacaninumcoccidiadifferinginhostrangeandtransmissionstrategy
_version_	1718424622623358976

Comparative genomics of the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum: Coccidia differing in host range and transmission strategy.

Ejemplares similares