Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes

Abstract Evidences are escalating on the diverse neurological-disorders and asymptomatic cardiovascular-diseases associated with COVID-19 pandemic due to the Sanal-flow-choking. Herein, we established the proof of the concept of nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking in real-world fluid-flow systems using a c...

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Autores principales:	V. R. Sanal Kumar, Vigneshwaran Sankar, Nichith Chandrasekaran, Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed Rafic, Ajith Sukumaran, Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan, Shiv Kumar Choudhary
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a057568936004213a8c8b639e065086e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a057568936004213a8c8b639e065086e2021-12-02T16:06:42ZDiscovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes10.1038/s41598-021-94450-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a057568936004213a8c8b639e065086e2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94450-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Evidences are escalating on the diverse neurological-disorders and asymptomatic cardiovascular-diseases associated with COVID-19 pandemic due to the Sanal-flow-choking. Herein, we established the proof of the concept of nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking in real-world fluid-flow systems using a closed-form-analytical-model. This mathematical-model is capable of predicting exactly the 3D-boundary-layer-blockage factor of nanoscale diabatic-fluid-flow systems (flow involves the transfer of heat) at the Sanal-flow-choking condition. As the pressure of the diabatic nanofluid and/or non-continuum-flows rises, average-mean-free-path diminishes and thus, the Knudsen-number lowers heading to a zero-slip wall-boundary condition with the compressible-viscous-flow regime in the nanoscale-tubes leading to Sanal-flow-choking due to the sonic-fluid-throat effect. At the Sanal-flow-choking condition the total-to-static pressure ratio (ie., systolic-to-diastolic pressure ratio) is a unique function of the heat-capacity-ratio of the real-world flows. The innovation of the nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking model is established herein through the entropy relation, as it satisfies all the conservation-laws of nature. The physical insight of the boundary-layer-blockage persuaded nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking in diabatic flows presented in this article sheds light on finding solutions to numerous unresolved scientific problems in physical, chemical and biological sciences carried forward over the centuries because the mathematical-model describing the phenomenon of Sanal-flow-choking is a unique scientific-language of the real-world-fluid flows. The 3D-boundary-layer-blockage factors presented herein for various gases are universal-benchmark-data for performing high-fidelity in silico, in vitro and in vivo experiments in nanotubes.V. R. Sanal KumarVigneshwaran SankarNichith ChandrasekaranSulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed RaficAjith SukumaranPradeep Kumar RadhakrishnanShiv Kumar ChoudharyNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q V. R. Sanal Kumar Vigneshwaran Sankar Nichith Chandrasekaran Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed Rafic Ajith Sukumaran Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan Shiv Kumar Choudhary Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes
description	Abstract Evidences are escalating on the diverse neurological-disorders and asymptomatic cardiovascular-diseases associated with COVID-19 pandemic due to the Sanal-flow-choking. Herein, we established the proof of the concept of nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking in real-world fluid-flow systems using a closed-form-analytical-model. This mathematical-model is capable of predicting exactly the 3D-boundary-layer-blockage factor of nanoscale diabatic-fluid-flow systems (flow involves the transfer of heat) at the Sanal-flow-choking condition. As the pressure of the diabatic nanofluid and/or non-continuum-flows rises, average-mean-free-path diminishes and thus, the Knudsen-number lowers heading to a zero-slip wall-boundary condition with the compressible-viscous-flow regime in the nanoscale-tubes leading to Sanal-flow-choking due to the sonic-fluid-throat effect. At the Sanal-flow-choking condition the total-to-static pressure ratio (ie., systolic-to-diastolic pressure ratio) is a unique function of the heat-capacity-ratio of the real-world flows. The innovation of the nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking model is established herein through the entropy relation, as it satisfies all the conservation-laws of nature. The physical insight of the boundary-layer-blockage persuaded nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking in diabatic flows presented in this article sheds light on finding solutions to numerous unresolved scientific problems in physical, chemical and biological sciences carried forward over the centuries because the mathematical-model describing the phenomenon of Sanal-flow-choking is a unique scientific-language of the real-world-fluid flows. The 3D-boundary-layer-blockage factors presented herein for various gases are universal-benchmark-data for performing high-fidelity in silico, in vitro and in vivo experiments in nanotubes.
format	article
author	V. R. Sanal Kumar Vigneshwaran Sankar Nichith Chandrasekaran Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed Rafic Ajith Sukumaran Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan Shiv Kumar Choudhary
author_facet	V. R. Sanal Kumar Vigneshwaran Sankar Nichith Chandrasekaran Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed Rafic Ajith Sukumaran Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan Shiv Kumar Choudhary
author_sort	V. R. Sanal Kumar
title	Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes
title_short	Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes
title_full	Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes
title_fullStr	Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes
title_full_unstemmed	Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes
title_sort	discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3d boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a057568936004213a8c8b639e065086e
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Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes

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