The Future of Agricultural Jobs in View of Robotization

Robotics and computerization have drastically changed the agricultural production sector and thus moved it into a new automation era. Robots have historically been used for carrying out routine tasks that require physical strength, accuracy, and repeatability, whereas humans are used to engage with...

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Autores principales:	Vasso Marinoudi, Maria Lampridi, Dimitrios Kateris, Simon Pearson, Claus Grøn Sørensen, Dionysis Bochtis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	agricultural robots tasks automatization occupations classification human-robot substitution human-robot complementarity Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a0681324d790496c87c504f262cd9663
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a0681324d790496c87c504f262cd96632021-11-11T19:44:28ZThe Future of Agricultural Jobs in View of Robotization10.3390/su1321121092071-1050https://doaj.org/article/a0681324d790496c87c504f262cd96632021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12109https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Robotics and computerization have drastically changed the agricultural production sector and thus moved it into a new automation era. Robots have historically been used for carrying out routine tasks that require physical strength, accuracy, and repeatability, whereas humans are used to engage with more value-added tasks that need reasoning and decision-making skills. On the other hand, robots are also increasingly exploited in several non-routine tasks that require cognitive skills. This technological evolution will create a fundamental and an unavoidable transformation of the agricultural occupations landscape with a high social and economic impact in terms of jobs creation and jobs destruction. To that effect, the aim of the present work is two-fold: (a) to map agricultural occupations in terms of their cognitive/manual and routine/non-routine characteristics and (b) to assess the susceptibility of each agricultural occupation to robotization. Seventeen (17) agricultural occupations were reviewed in relation to the characteristics of each individual task they entail and mapped onto a two-dimensional space representing the manual versus cognitive nature and the routine versus non-routine nature of an occupation. Subsequently, the potential for robotization was investigated, again concerning each task individually, and resulted in a weighted average potential adoption rate for each one of the agricultural occupations. It can be concluded that most of the occupations entail manual tasks that need to be performed in a standardised manner. Considering also that almost 81% of the agricultural work force is involved with these activities, it turns out that there is strong evidence for possible robotization of 70% of the agricultural domain, which, in turn, could affect 56% of the total annual budget dedicated to agricultural occupations. The presented work silhouettes the expected transformation of occupational landscape in agricultural production as an effort for a subsequent identification of social threats in terms of unemployment and job and wages polarization, among others, but also of opportunities in terms of emerged skills and training requirements for a social sustainable development of agricultural domain.Vasso MarinoudiMaria LampridiDimitrios KaterisSimon PearsonClaus Grøn SørensenDionysis BochtisMDPI AGarticleagricultural robotstasks automatizationoccupations classificationhuman-robot substitutionhuman-robot complementarityEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12109, p 12109 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	agricultural robots tasks automatization occupations classification human-robot substitution human-robot complementarity Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	agricultural robots tasks automatization occupations classification human-robot substitution human-robot complementarity Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Vasso Marinoudi Maria Lampridi Dimitrios Kateris Simon Pearson Claus Grøn Sørensen Dionysis Bochtis The Future of Agricultural Jobs in View of Robotization
description	Robotics and computerization have drastically changed the agricultural production sector and thus moved it into a new automation era. Robots have historically been used for carrying out routine tasks that require physical strength, accuracy, and repeatability, whereas humans are used to engage with more value-added tasks that need reasoning and decision-making skills. On the other hand, robots are also increasingly exploited in several non-routine tasks that require cognitive skills. This technological evolution will create a fundamental and an unavoidable transformation of the agricultural occupations landscape with a high social and economic impact in terms of jobs creation and jobs destruction. To that effect, the aim of the present work is two-fold: (a) to map agricultural occupations in terms of their cognitive/manual and routine/non-routine characteristics and (b) to assess the susceptibility of each agricultural occupation to robotization. Seventeen (17) agricultural occupations were reviewed in relation to the characteristics of each individual task they entail and mapped onto a two-dimensional space representing the manual versus cognitive nature and the routine versus non-routine nature of an occupation. Subsequently, the potential for robotization was investigated, again concerning each task individually, and resulted in a weighted average potential adoption rate for each one of the agricultural occupations. It can be concluded that most of the occupations entail manual tasks that need to be performed in a standardised manner. Considering also that almost 81% of the agricultural work force is involved with these activities, it turns out that there is strong evidence for possible robotization of 70% of the agricultural domain, which, in turn, could affect 56% of the total annual budget dedicated to agricultural occupations. The presented work silhouettes the expected transformation of occupational landscape in agricultural production as an effort for a subsequent identification of social threats in terms of unemployment and job and wages polarization, among others, but also of opportunities in terms of emerged skills and training requirements for a social sustainable development of agricultural domain.
format	article
author	Vasso Marinoudi Maria Lampridi Dimitrios Kateris Simon Pearson Claus Grøn Sørensen Dionysis Bochtis
author_facet	Vasso Marinoudi Maria Lampridi Dimitrios Kateris Simon Pearson Claus Grøn Sørensen Dionysis Bochtis
author_sort	Vasso Marinoudi
title	The Future of Agricultural Jobs in View of Robotization
title_short	The Future of Agricultural Jobs in View of Robotization
title_full	The Future of Agricultural Jobs in View of Robotization
title_fullStr	The Future of Agricultural Jobs in View of Robotization
title_full_unstemmed	The Future of Agricultural Jobs in View of Robotization
title_sort	future of agricultural jobs in view of robotization
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a0681324d790496c87c504f262cd9663
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The Future of Agricultural Jobs in View of Robotization

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