Fabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption

Herein, we report the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite (MNPs/rGO/PMMA) as adsorbent via an in situ fabrication strategy and, in turn, the application for adsorptive removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from tannery wastewater...

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Autores principales:	Rahman Ullah, Waqas Ahmad, Muhammad Yaseen, Mansoor Khan, Mehmood Iqbal Khattak, Badrul Mohamed Jan, Rabia Ikram, George Kenanakis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	reduced graphene oxide MNPs/rGO/PMMA composite hexavalent chromium tannery wastewater fixed bed adsorption Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a0741b7f2fee4e428fa0e783c62894e92021-11-25T18:14:44ZFabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption10.3390/ma142269231996-1944https://doaj.org/article/a0741b7f2fee4e428fa0e783c62894e92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6923https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Herein, we report the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite (MNPs/rGO/PMMA) as adsorbent via an in situ fabrication strategy and, in turn, the application for adsorptive removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from tannery wastewater. The composite material was characterized via XRD, FTIR and SEM analyses. Under batch mode experiments, the composite achieved maximum adsorption of the Cr(VI) ion (99.53 ± 1.4%, i.e., 1636.49 mg of Cr(VI)/150 mg of adsorbent) at pH 2, adsorbent dose of 150 mg/10 mL of solution and 30 min of contact time. The adsorption process was endothermic, feasible and spontaneous and followed a pseudo-2nd order kinetic model. The Cr ions were completely desorbed (99.32 ± 2%) from the composite using 30 mL of NaOH solution (2M); hence, the composite exhibited high efficiency for five consecutive cycles without prominent loss in activity. The adsorbent was washed with distilled water and diluted HCl (0.1M), then dried under vacuum at 60 °C for reuse. The XRD analysis confirmed the synthesis and incorporation of magnetic iron oxide at 2θ of 30.38°, 35.5°, 43.22° and 57.36°, respectively, and graphene oxide (GO) at 25.5°. The FTIR analysids revealed that the composite retained the configurations of the individual components, whereas the SEM analysis indicated that the magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–NPs (MNPs) dispersed on the surface of the PMMA/rGO sheets. To anticipate the behavior of breakthrough, the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to fixed-bed column data, which indicated good agreement with the experimental data. This study evaluates useful reference information for designing a cost-effective and easy-to-use adsorbent for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Therefore, it can be envisioned as an alternative approach for a variety of unexplored industrial-level operations.Rahman UllahWaqas AhmadMuhammad YaseenMansoor KhanMehmood Iqbal KhattakBadrul Mohamed JanRabia IkramGeorge KenanakisMDPI AGarticlereduced graphene oxideMNPs/rGO/PMMA compositehexavalent chromiumtannery wastewaterfixed bed adsorptionTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6923, p 6923 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	reduced graphene oxide MNPs/rGO/PMMA composite hexavalent chromium tannery wastewater fixed bed adsorption Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	reduced graphene oxide MNPs/rGO/PMMA composite hexavalent chromium tannery wastewater fixed bed adsorption Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Rahman Ullah Waqas Ahmad Muhammad Yaseen Mansoor Khan Mehmood Iqbal Khattak Badrul Mohamed Jan Rabia Ikram George Kenanakis Fabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption
description	Herein, we report the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite (MNPs/rGO/PMMA) as adsorbent via an in situ fabrication strategy and, in turn, the application for adsorptive removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from tannery wastewater. The composite material was characterized via XRD, FTIR and SEM analyses. Under batch mode experiments, the composite achieved maximum adsorption of the Cr(VI) ion (99.53 ± 1.4%, i.e., 1636.49 mg of Cr(VI)/150 mg of adsorbent) at pH 2, adsorbent dose of 150 mg/10 mL of solution and 30 min of contact time. The adsorption process was endothermic, feasible and spontaneous and followed a pseudo-2nd order kinetic model. The Cr ions were completely desorbed (99.32 ± 2%) from the composite using 30 mL of NaOH solution (2M); hence, the composite exhibited high efficiency for five consecutive cycles without prominent loss in activity. The adsorbent was washed with distilled water and diluted HCl (0.1M), then dried under vacuum at 60 °C for reuse. The XRD analysis confirmed the synthesis and incorporation of magnetic iron oxide at 2θ of 30.38°, 35.5°, 43.22° and 57.36°, respectively, and graphene oxide (GO) at 25.5°. The FTIR analysids revealed that the composite retained the configurations of the individual components, whereas the SEM analysis indicated that the magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–NPs (MNPs) dispersed on the surface of the PMMA/rGO sheets. To anticipate the behavior of breakthrough, the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to fixed-bed column data, which indicated good agreement with the experimental data. This study evaluates useful reference information for designing a cost-effective and easy-to-use adsorbent for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Therefore, it can be envisioned as an alternative approach for a variety of unexplored industrial-level operations.
format	article
author	Rahman Ullah Waqas Ahmad Muhammad Yaseen Mansoor Khan Mehmood Iqbal Khattak Badrul Mohamed Jan Rabia Ikram George Kenanakis
author_facet	Rahman Ullah Waqas Ahmad Muhammad Yaseen Mansoor Khan Mehmood Iqbal Khattak Badrul Mohamed Jan Rabia Ikram George Kenanakis
author_sort	Rahman Ullah
title	Fabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption
title_short	Fabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption
title_full	Fabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption
title_fullStr	Fabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption
title_full_unstemmed	Fabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption
title_sort	fabrication of mnps/rgo/pmma composite for the removal of hazardous cr(vi) from tannery wastewater through batch and continuous mode adsorption
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a0741b7f2fee4e428fa0e783c62894e9
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Fabrication of MNPs/rGO/PMMA Composite for the Removal of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Tannery Wastewater through Batch and Continuous Mode Adsorption

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