Re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities

In the M'zab valley, dry toilets represent an ancestral dry sanitation system, serving as a source of fertilizer thanks to human excrement valorization. However, in the 20th century, local populations began to shun these systems. The objective of this article is to illustrate the importance of...

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Autores principales:	Sara Bekaddour, Nassim Ait-Mouheb, Tarik Hartani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	arid regions dry toilets human excreta oasis recycling water and nutrient cycles Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a079cc2ec3f04531823e40a52a52fcf9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a079cc2ec3f04531823e40a52a52fcf92021-11-23T18:22:50ZRe-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities2043-90832408-936210.2166/washdev.2021.115https://doaj.org/article/a079cc2ec3f04531823e40a52a52fcf92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://washdev.iwaponline.com/content/11/6/983https://doaj.org/toc/2043-9083https://doaj.org/toc/2408-9362In the M'zab valley, dry toilets represent an ancestral dry sanitation system, serving as a source of fertilizer thanks to human excrement valorization. However, in the 20th century, local populations began to shun these systems. The objective of this article is to illustrate the importance of dry toilets on agricultural and environmental scales in ancient M'Zab, and the renewal of these systems in response to sanitation problems in the oasis after their decline. The hypothesis put forward is that dry toilets can act as a complementary system to conventional sanitation systems. Data were collected through interviews with the local population. Our results show that the use of dry toilets, and the resulting use of human excrement as fertilizer, has gone through three phases. First, a phase of strong recycling dynamics, followed by a second phase of decline in dry toilet use which is linked to the discovery of the Albian aquifer and flush toilet adoption. The third phase is characterized by dry toilet reuse in response to oasis degradation caused by sanitation and environmental problems. Some oasesians have taken the initiative to revert to dry toilets to ensure oasis system sustainability and to revive the practice of recycling human waste. HIGHLIGHTS Reintroduction of dry toilets in the oases.; Reuse of human excrements for agricultural purposes.; Reduce the discharge of wastewater.; Protection of oases from degradation.; Alternative system of sanitation.;Sara BekaddourNassim Ait-MouhebTarik HartaniIWA Publishingarticlearid regionsdry toiletshuman excretaoasisrecyclingwater and nutrient cyclesEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENJournal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, Vol 11, Iss 6, Pp 983-993 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	arid regions dry toilets human excreta oasis recycling water and nutrient cycles Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	arid regions dry toilets human excreta oasis recycling water and nutrient cycles Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Sara Bekaddour Nassim Ait-Mouheb Tarik Hartani Re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities
description	In the M'zab valley, dry toilets represent an ancestral dry sanitation system, serving as a source of fertilizer thanks to human excrement valorization. However, in the 20th century, local populations began to shun these systems. The objective of this article is to illustrate the importance of dry toilets on agricultural and environmental scales in ancient M'Zab, and the renewal of these systems in response to sanitation problems in the oasis after their decline. The hypothesis put forward is that dry toilets can act as a complementary system to conventional sanitation systems. Data were collected through interviews with the local population. Our results show that the use of dry toilets, and the resulting use of human excrement as fertilizer, has gone through three phases. First, a phase of strong recycling dynamics, followed by a second phase of decline in dry toilet use which is linked to the discovery of the Albian aquifer and flush toilet adoption. The third phase is characterized by dry toilet reuse in response to oasis degradation caused by sanitation and environmental problems. Some oasesians have taken the initiative to revert to dry toilets to ensure oasis system sustainability and to revive the practice of recycling human waste. HIGHLIGHTS Reintroduction of dry toilets in the oases.; Reuse of human excrements for agricultural purposes.; Reduce the discharge of wastewater.; Protection of oases from degradation.; Alternative system of sanitation.;
format	article
author	Sara Bekaddour Nassim Ait-Mouheb Tarik Hartani
author_facet	Sara Bekaddour Nassim Ait-Mouheb Tarik Hartani
author_sort	Sara Bekaddour
title	Re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities
title_short	Re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities
title_full	Re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities
title_fullStr	Re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities
title_full_unstemmed	Re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities
title_sort	re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in m'zab cities
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a079cc2ec3f04531823e40a52a52fcf9
work_keys_str_mv	AT sarabekaddour reemergenceofdrytoiletsandfecalnutrientreuseinmzabcities AT nassimaitmouheb reemergenceofdrytoiletsandfecalnutrientreuseinmzabcities AT tarikhartani reemergenceofdrytoiletsandfecalnutrientreuseinmzabcities
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Re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities

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