Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts

Abstract Simplification by reduction has occurred many times independently in the floral evolution of angiosperms. These reductions have often been attributed to changes in reproductive biology. In the angiosperm plant family Annonaceae, most species have flowers with six petals, and many stamens an...

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Autores principales:	Paul H. Hoekstra, Jan J. Wieringa, Erik Smets, Lars W. Chatrou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a0886d2261944decb61d24372cf4f174
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a0886d2261944decb61d24372cf4f1742021-12-02T11:40:55ZFloral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts10.1038/s41598-018-30607-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a0886d2261944decb61d24372cf4f1742018-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30607-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Simplification by reduction has occurred many times independently in the floral evolution of angiosperms. These reductions have often been attributed to changes in reproductive biology. In the angiosperm plant family Annonaceae, most species have flowers with six petals, and many stamens and carpels. In the genus Monanthotaxis several deviations from this pattern have been observed, including flowers that contain three petals and three stamens only. New DNA sequences were generated for 42 specimens of Monanthotaxis. Five chloroplast markers and two nuclear markers for 72 out of 94 species of Monanthotaxis were used to reconstruct a phylogeny of the genus, which revealed several well-supported, morphologically distinct clades. The evolution of four quantitative and two qualitative floral characters was mapped onto this phylogeny, demonstrating a reduction in flower size and number of flower parts in Monanthotaxis. A large variation in stamen forms and numbers, strong correlations between petal size, stamen and carpel number, combined with a non-gradual mode of evolution and the sympatric co-occurrence of Monanthotaxis species from different clades suggest that the high diversity in the African rainforest of this genus is caused by switches in pollination systems.Paul H. HoekstraJan J. WieringaErik SmetsLars W. ChatrouNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Paul H. Hoekstra Jan J. Wieringa Erik Smets Lars W. Chatrou Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts
description	Abstract Simplification by reduction has occurred many times independently in the floral evolution of angiosperms. These reductions have often been attributed to changes in reproductive biology. In the angiosperm plant family Annonaceae, most species have flowers with six petals, and many stamens and carpels. In the genus Monanthotaxis several deviations from this pattern have been observed, including flowers that contain three petals and three stamens only. New DNA sequences were generated for 42 specimens of Monanthotaxis. Five chloroplast markers and two nuclear markers for 72 out of 94 species of Monanthotaxis were used to reconstruct a phylogeny of the genus, which revealed several well-supported, morphologically distinct clades. The evolution of four quantitative and two qualitative floral characters was mapped onto this phylogeny, demonstrating a reduction in flower size and number of flower parts in Monanthotaxis. A large variation in stamen forms and numbers, strong correlations between petal size, stamen and carpel number, combined with a non-gradual mode of evolution and the sympatric co-occurrence of Monanthotaxis species from different clades suggest that the high diversity in the African rainforest of this genus is caused by switches in pollination systems.
format	article
author	Paul H. Hoekstra Jan J. Wieringa Erik Smets Lars W. Chatrou
author_facet	Paul H. Hoekstra Jan J. Wieringa Erik Smets Lars W. Chatrou
author_sort	Paul H. Hoekstra
title	Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts
title_short	Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts
title_full	Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts
title_fullStr	Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts
title_full_unstemmed	Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts
title_sort	floral evolution by simplification in monanthotaxis (annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/a0886d2261944decb61d24372cf4f174
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Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts

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