Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective

ABSTRACT Inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, are dramatically increasing worldwide, but an understanding of the underlying factors is lacking. We here present an ecoevolutionary perspective on the emergence of inflammatory diseases. We propose that adaptation has led to fine-...

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Autores principales:	Tim Lachnit, Thomas C. G. Bosch, Peter Deines
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	dysbiosis fasting holobiont host-microbe homeostasis inflammatory disease metaorganism Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a09d3ab3aa474cff94ee34cd07edf769
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a09d3ab3aa474cff94ee34cd07edf7692021-11-15T15:55:23ZExposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective10.1128/mBio.00355-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/a09d3ab3aa474cff94ee34cd07edf7692019-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00355-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, are dramatically increasing worldwide, but an understanding of the underlying factors is lacking. We here present an ecoevolutionary perspective on the emergence of inflammatory diseases. We propose that adaptation has led to fine-tuned host-microbe interactions, which are maintained by secreted host metabolites nourishing the associated microbes. A constant elevation of nutrients in the gut environment leads to an increased activity and changed functionality of the microbiota, thus severely disturbing host-microbe interactions and leading to dysbiosis and disease development. In the past, starvation and pathogen infections, causing diarrhea, were common incidences that reset the gut bacterial community to its “human-specific-baseline.” However, these natural clearing mechanisms have been virtually eradicated in developed countries, allowing a constant uncontrolled growth of bacteria. This leads to an increase of bacterial products that stimulate the immune system and ultimately might initiate inflammatory reactions.Tim LachnitThomas C. G. BoschPeter DeinesAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticledysbiosisfastingholobionthost-microbe homeostasisinflammatory diseasemetaorganismMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 10, Iss 3 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dysbiosis fasting holobiont host-microbe homeostasis inflammatory disease metaorganism Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	dysbiosis fasting holobiont host-microbe homeostasis inflammatory disease metaorganism Microbiology QR1-502 Tim Lachnit Thomas C. G. Bosch Peter Deines Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective
description	ABSTRACT Inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, are dramatically increasing worldwide, but an understanding of the underlying factors is lacking. We here present an ecoevolutionary perspective on the emergence of inflammatory diseases. We propose that adaptation has led to fine-tuned host-microbe interactions, which are maintained by secreted host metabolites nourishing the associated microbes. A constant elevation of nutrients in the gut environment leads to an increased activity and changed functionality of the microbiota, thus severely disturbing host-microbe interactions and leading to dysbiosis and disease development. In the past, starvation and pathogen infections, causing diarrhea, were common incidences that reset the gut bacterial community to its “human-specific-baseline.” However, these natural clearing mechanisms have been virtually eradicated in developed countries, allowing a constant uncontrolled growth of bacteria. This leads to an increase of bacterial products that stimulate the immune system and ultimately might initiate inflammatory reactions.
format	article
author	Tim Lachnit Thomas C. G. Bosch Peter Deines
author_facet	Tim Lachnit Thomas C. G. Bosch Peter Deines
author_sort	Tim Lachnit
title	Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective
title_short	Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective
title_full	Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective
title_fullStr	Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective
title_full_unstemmed	Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective
title_sort	exposure of the host-associated microbiome to nutrient-rich conditions may lead to dysbiosis and disease development—an evolutionary perspective
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/a09d3ab3aa474cff94ee34cd07edf769
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Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective

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