Large-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision

Abstract The crustal-scale geometry of the European Alps has been explained by a classical subduction-scenario comprising thrust-and-fold-related compressional wedge tectonics and isostatic rebound. However, massive blocks of crystalline basement (External Crystalline Massifs) vertically disrupt the...

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Autores principales:	Marco Herwegh, Alfons Berger, Roland Baumberger, Philip Wehrens, Edi Kissling
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a0dfb31a2f0841e3a64f5f43a90182f3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a0dfb31a2f0841e3a64f5f43a90182f32021-12-02T12:32:42ZLarge-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision10.1038/s41598-017-00440-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a0dfb31a2f0841e3a64f5f43a90182f32017-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00440-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The crustal-scale geometry of the European Alps has been explained by a classical subduction-scenario comprising thrust-and-fold-related compressional wedge tectonics and isostatic rebound. However, massive blocks of crystalline basement (External Crystalline Massifs) vertically disrupt the upper-crustal wedge. In the case of the Aar massif, top basement vertically rises for >12 km and peak metamorphic temperatures increase along an orogen-perpendicular direction from 250 °C–450 °C over horizontal distances of only <15 km (Innertkirchen-Grimselpass), suggesting exhumation of midcrustal rocks with increasing uplift component along steep vertical shear zones. Here we demonstrate that delamination of European lower crust during lithosphere mantle rollback migrates northward in time. Simultaneously, the Aar massif as giant upper crustal block extrudes by buoyancy forces, while substantial volumes of lower crust accumulate underneath. Buoyancy-driven deformation generates dense networks of steep reverse faults as major structures interconnected by secondary branches with normal fault component, dissecting the entire crust up to the surface. Owing to rollback fading, the component of vertical motion reduces and is replaced by a late stage of orogenic compression as manifest by north-directed thrusting. Buoyancy-driven vertical tectonics and modest late shortening, combined with surface erosion, result in typical topographic and metamorphic gradients, which might represent general indicators for final stages of continent-continent collisions.Marco HerweghAlfons BergerRoland BaumbergerPhilip WehrensEdi KisslingNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marco Herwegh Alfons Berger Roland Baumberger Philip Wehrens Edi Kissling Large-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision
description	Abstract The crustal-scale geometry of the European Alps has been explained by a classical subduction-scenario comprising thrust-and-fold-related compressional wedge tectonics and isostatic rebound. However, massive blocks of crystalline basement (External Crystalline Massifs) vertically disrupt the upper-crustal wedge. In the case of the Aar massif, top basement vertically rises for >12 km and peak metamorphic temperatures increase along an orogen-perpendicular direction from 250 °C–450 °C over horizontal distances of only <15 km (Innertkirchen-Grimselpass), suggesting exhumation of midcrustal rocks with increasing uplift component along steep vertical shear zones. Here we demonstrate that delamination of European lower crust during lithosphere mantle rollback migrates northward in time. Simultaneously, the Aar massif as giant upper crustal block extrudes by buoyancy forces, while substantial volumes of lower crust accumulate underneath. Buoyancy-driven deformation generates dense networks of steep reverse faults as major structures interconnected by secondary branches with normal fault component, dissecting the entire crust up to the surface. Owing to rollback fading, the component of vertical motion reduces and is replaced by a late stage of orogenic compression as manifest by north-directed thrusting. Buoyancy-driven vertical tectonics and modest late shortening, combined with surface erosion, result in typical topographic and metamorphic gradients, which might represent general indicators for final stages of continent-continent collisions.
format	article
author	Marco Herwegh Alfons Berger Roland Baumberger Philip Wehrens Edi Kissling
author_facet	Marco Herwegh Alfons Berger Roland Baumberger Philip Wehrens Edi Kissling
author_sort	Marco Herwegh
title	Large-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision
title_short	Large-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision
title_full	Large-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision
title_fullStr	Large-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision
title_full_unstemmed	Large-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision
title_sort	large-scale crustal-block-extrusion during late alpine collision
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/a0dfb31a2f0841e3a64f5f43a90182f3
work_keys_str_mv	AT marcoherwegh largescalecrustalblockextrusionduringlatealpinecollision AT alfonsberger largescalecrustalblockextrusionduringlatealpinecollision AT rolandbaumberger largescalecrustalblockextrusionduringlatealpinecollision AT philipwehrens largescalecrustalblockextrusionduringlatealpinecollision AT edikissling largescalecrustalblockextrusionduringlatealpinecollision
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Large-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision

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