Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds

Abstract Avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is a common and important infectious disease of wild birds in North America. Between 2005 and 2012, avian cholera caused annual mortality of widely varying magnitudes in Northern common eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis) bree...

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Autores principales:	Jacintha G. B. van Dijk, Samuel A. Iverson, H. Grant Gilchrist, N. Jane Harms, Holly L. Hennin, Oliver P. Love, E. Isabel Buttler, Stephanie Lesceu, Jeffrey T. Foster, Mark R. Forbes, Catherine Soos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a0ec84e24be242559cd4067e076f320d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a0ec84e24be242559cd4067e076f320d2021-12-02T15:23:02ZHerd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds10.1038/s41598-020-79888-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a0ec84e24be242559cd4067e076f320d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79888-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is a common and important infectious disease of wild birds in North America. Between 2005 and 2012, avian cholera caused annual mortality of widely varying magnitudes in Northern common eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis) breeding at the largest colony in the Canadian Arctic, Mitivik Island, Nunavut. Although herd immunity, in which a large proportion of the population acquires immunity to the disease, has been suggested to play a role in epidemic fadeout, immunological studies exploring this hypothesis have been missing. We investigated the role of three potential drivers of fadeout of avian cholera in eiders, including immunity, prevalence of infection, and colony size. Each potential driver was examined in relation to the annual real-time reproductive number (Rt) of P. multocida, previously calculated for eiders at Mitivik Island. Each year, colony size was estimated and eiders were closely monitored, and evaluated for infection and serological status. We demonstrate that acquired immunity approximated using antibody titers to P. multocida in both sexes was likely a key driver for the epidemic fadeout. This study exemplifies the importance of herd immunity in influencing the dynamics and fadeout of epidemics in a wildlife population.Jacintha G. B. van DijkSamuel A. IversonH. Grant GilchristN. Jane HarmsHolly L. HenninOliver P. LoveE. Isabel ButtlerStephanie LesceuJeffrey T. FosterMark R. ForbesCatherine SoosNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jacintha G. B. van Dijk Samuel A. Iverson H. Grant Gilchrist N. Jane Harms Holly L. Hennin Oliver P. Love E. Isabel Buttler Stephanie Lesceu Jeffrey T. Foster Mark R. Forbes Catherine Soos Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds
description	Abstract Avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is a common and important infectious disease of wild birds in North America. Between 2005 and 2012, avian cholera caused annual mortality of widely varying magnitudes in Northern common eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis) breeding at the largest colony in the Canadian Arctic, Mitivik Island, Nunavut. Although herd immunity, in which a large proportion of the population acquires immunity to the disease, has been suggested to play a role in epidemic fadeout, immunological studies exploring this hypothesis have been missing. We investigated the role of three potential drivers of fadeout of avian cholera in eiders, including immunity, prevalence of infection, and colony size. Each potential driver was examined in relation to the annual real-time reproductive number (Rt) of P. multocida, previously calculated for eiders at Mitivik Island. Each year, colony size was estimated and eiders were closely monitored, and evaluated for infection and serological status. We demonstrate that acquired immunity approximated using antibody titers to P. multocida in both sexes was likely a key driver for the epidemic fadeout. This study exemplifies the importance of herd immunity in influencing the dynamics and fadeout of epidemics in a wildlife population.
format	article
author	Jacintha G. B. van Dijk Samuel A. Iverson H. Grant Gilchrist N. Jane Harms Holly L. Hennin Oliver P. Love E. Isabel Buttler Stephanie Lesceu Jeffrey T. Foster Mark R. Forbes Catherine Soos
author_facet	Jacintha G. B. van Dijk Samuel A. Iverson H. Grant Gilchrist N. Jane Harms Holly L. Hennin Oliver P. Love E. Isabel Buttler Stephanie Lesceu Jeffrey T. Foster Mark R. Forbes Catherine Soos
author_sort	Jacintha G. B. van Dijk
title	Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds
title_short	Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds
title_full	Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds
title_fullStr	Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds
title_full_unstemmed	Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds
title_sort	herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in arctic-nesting seabirds
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a0ec84e24be242559cd4067e076f320d
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Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds

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