Hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles

Abstract Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread among animals, but its developmental mechanisms are not fully undestood. We investigated the proximate causes of SSD in three male-larger and one monomorphic scarab beetles using detailed monitoring of growth in individual instars. Apart from the f...

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Autores principales:	Tomáš Vendl, Petr Šípek, Ondřej Kouklík, Lukáš Kratochvíl
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a0f9c8ab015b4da69c35fcd1cdae0ad2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a0f9c8ab015b4da69c35fcd1cdae0ad22021-12-02T15:08:52ZHidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles10.1038/s41598-018-24047-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a0f9c8ab015b4da69c35fcd1cdae0ad22018-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24047-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread among animals, but its developmental mechanisms are not fully undestood. We investigated the proximate causes of SSD in three male-larger and one monomorphic scarab beetles using detailed monitoring of growth in individual instars. Apart from the finding that SSD in all three male-larger species started to develop already in the first larval instar, we generally found a high variability in SSD formation among the species as well as among instars. Overall, sexual differences in developmental time, average growth rate, as well as in the shape of the growth trajectory seem to be the mechanisms responsible for SSD ontogeny in scarab beetles. In the third instar, when the larvae attain most of their mass, the males had a similar or even lower instantaneous growth rate than females and SSD largely developed as a consequence of a longer period of rapid growth in males even in cases when the sexes did not differ in the total duration of this instar. Our results demonstrate that a detailed approach, examining not only the average growth rate and developmental time, but also the shape of the growth trajectory, is necessary to elucidate the complex development of SSD.Tomáš VendlPetr ŠípekOndřej KouklíkLukáš KratochvílNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tomáš Vendl Petr Šípek Ondřej Kouklík Lukáš Kratochvíl Hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles
description	Abstract Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread among animals, but its developmental mechanisms are not fully undestood. We investigated the proximate causes of SSD in three male-larger and one monomorphic scarab beetles using detailed monitoring of growth in individual instars. Apart from the finding that SSD in all three male-larger species started to develop already in the first larval instar, we generally found a high variability in SSD formation among the species as well as among instars. Overall, sexual differences in developmental time, average growth rate, as well as in the shape of the growth trajectory seem to be the mechanisms responsible for SSD ontogeny in scarab beetles. In the third instar, when the larvae attain most of their mass, the males had a similar or even lower instantaneous growth rate than females and SSD largely developed as a consequence of a longer period of rapid growth in males even in cases when the sexes did not differ in the total duration of this instar. Our results demonstrate that a detailed approach, examining not only the average growth rate and developmental time, but also the shape of the growth trajectory, is necessary to elucidate the complex development of SSD.
format	article
author	Tomáš Vendl Petr Šípek Ondřej Kouklík Lukáš Kratochvíl
author_facet	Tomáš Vendl Petr Šípek Ondřej Kouklík Lukáš Kratochvíl
author_sort	Tomáš Vendl
title	Hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles
title_short	Hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles
title_full	Hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles
title_fullStr	Hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles
title_full_unstemmed	Hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles
title_sort	hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/a0f9c8ab015b4da69c35fcd1cdae0ad2
work_keys_str_mv	AT tomasvendl hiddencomplexityintheontogenyofsexualsizedimorphisminmalelargerbeetles AT petrsipek hiddencomplexityintheontogenyofsexualsizedimorphisminmalelargerbeetles AT ondrejkouklik hiddencomplexityintheontogenyofsexualsizedimorphisminmalelargerbeetles AT lukaskratochvil hiddencomplexityintheontogenyofsexualsizedimorphisminmalelargerbeetles
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Hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles

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