Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes
Abstract Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970–2009) summertime vertical t...
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Nature Portfolio
2020
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oai:doaj.org-article:a1022d7572d54ae7a84805ec8b003dce2021-12-02T16:08:37ZDeeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes10.1038/s41598-020-76873-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a1022d7572d54ae7a84805ec8b003dce2020-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76873-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970–2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade−1, comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m−3 decade−1). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade−1), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from − 0.68 °C decade−1 to + 0.65 °C decade−1. The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences.Rachel M. PillaCraig E. WilliamsonBoris V. AdamovichRita AdrianOrlane AnnevilleSudeep ChandraWilliam Colom-MonteroShawn P. DevlinMargaret A. DixMartin T. DokulilEvelyn E. GaiserScott F. GirdnerK. David HambrightDavid P. HamiltonKarl HavensDag O. HessenScott N. HigginsTimo H. HuttulaHannu HuuskonenPeter D. F. IslesKlaus D. JoehnkIan D. JonesWendel Bill KellerLesley B. KnollJohanna KorhonenBenjamin M. KraemerPeter R. LeavittFabio LeporiMartin S. LugerStephen C. MaberlyJohn M. MelackStephanie J. MellesDörthe C. Müller-NavarraDon C. PiersonHelen V. PisleginaPierre-Denis PlisnierDavid C. RichardsonAlon RimmerMichela RogoraJames A. RusakSteven SadroNico SalmasoJasmine E. SarosÉmilie Saulnier-TalbotDaniel E. SchindlerMartin SchmidSvetlana V. ShimaraevaEugene A. SilowLewis M. SitokiRuben SommarugaDietmar StraileKristin E. StrockWim ThieryMaxim A. TimofeyevPiet VerburgRolf D. VinebrookeGesa A. WeyhenmeyerEgor ZadereevNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2020) |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
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Medicine R Science Q Rachel M. Pilla Craig E. Williamson Boris V. Adamovich Rita Adrian Orlane Anneville Sudeep Chandra William Colom-Montero Shawn P. Devlin Margaret A. Dix Martin T. Dokulil Evelyn E. Gaiser Scott F. Girdner K. David Hambright David P. Hamilton Karl Havens Dag O. Hessen Scott N. Higgins Timo H. Huttula Hannu Huuskonen Peter D. F. Isles Klaus D. Joehnk Ian D. Jones Wendel Bill Keller Lesley B. Knoll Johanna Korhonen Benjamin M. Kraemer Peter R. Leavitt Fabio Lepori Martin S. Luger Stephen C. Maberly John M. Melack Stephanie J. Melles Dörthe C. Müller-Navarra Don C. Pierson Helen V. Pislegina Pierre-Denis Plisnier David C. Richardson Alon Rimmer Michela Rogora James A. Rusak Steven Sadro Nico Salmaso Jasmine E. Saros Émilie Saulnier-Talbot Daniel E. Schindler Martin Schmid Svetlana V. Shimaraeva Eugene A. Silow Lewis M. Sitoki Ruben Sommaruga Dietmar Straile Kristin E. Strock Wim Thiery Maxim A. Timofeyev Piet Verburg Rolf D. Vinebrooke Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer Egor Zadereev Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes |
| description |
Abstract Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970–2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade−1, comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m−3 decade−1). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade−1), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from − 0.68 °C decade−1 to + 0.65 °C decade−1. The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Rachel M. Pilla Craig E. Williamson Boris V. Adamovich Rita Adrian Orlane Anneville Sudeep Chandra William Colom-Montero Shawn P. Devlin Margaret A. Dix Martin T. Dokulil Evelyn E. Gaiser Scott F. Girdner K. David Hambright David P. Hamilton Karl Havens Dag O. Hessen Scott N. Higgins Timo H. Huttula Hannu Huuskonen Peter D. F. Isles Klaus D. Joehnk Ian D. Jones Wendel Bill Keller Lesley B. Knoll Johanna Korhonen Benjamin M. Kraemer Peter R. Leavitt Fabio Lepori Martin S. Luger Stephen C. Maberly John M. Melack Stephanie J. Melles Dörthe C. Müller-Navarra Don C. Pierson Helen V. Pislegina Pierre-Denis Plisnier David C. Richardson Alon Rimmer Michela Rogora James A. Rusak Steven Sadro Nico Salmaso Jasmine E. Saros Émilie Saulnier-Talbot Daniel E. Schindler Martin Schmid Svetlana V. Shimaraeva Eugene A. Silow Lewis M. Sitoki Ruben Sommaruga Dietmar Straile Kristin E. Strock Wim Thiery Maxim A. Timofeyev Piet Verburg Rolf D. Vinebrooke Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer Egor Zadereev |
| author_facet |
Rachel M. Pilla Craig E. Williamson Boris V. Adamovich Rita Adrian Orlane Anneville Sudeep Chandra William Colom-Montero Shawn P. Devlin Margaret A. Dix Martin T. Dokulil Evelyn E. Gaiser Scott F. Girdner K. David Hambright David P. Hamilton Karl Havens Dag O. Hessen Scott N. Higgins Timo H. Huttula Hannu Huuskonen Peter D. F. Isles Klaus D. Joehnk Ian D. Jones Wendel Bill Keller Lesley B. Knoll Johanna Korhonen Benjamin M. Kraemer Peter R. Leavitt Fabio Lepori Martin S. Luger Stephen C. Maberly John M. Melack Stephanie J. Melles Dörthe C. Müller-Navarra Don C. Pierson Helen V. Pislegina Pierre-Denis Plisnier David C. Richardson Alon Rimmer Michela Rogora James A. Rusak Steven Sadro Nico Salmaso Jasmine E. Saros Émilie Saulnier-Talbot Daniel E. Schindler Martin Schmid Svetlana V. Shimaraeva Eugene A. Silow Lewis M. Sitoki Ruben Sommaruga Dietmar Straile Kristin E. Strock Wim Thiery Maxim A. Timofeyev Piet Verburg Rolf D. Vinebrooke Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer Egor Zadereev |
| author_sort |
Rachel M. Pilla |
| title |
Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes |
| title_short |
Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes |
| title_full |
Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes |
| title_fullStr |
Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes |
| title_sort |
deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes |
| publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/a1022d7572d54ae7a84805ec8b003dce |
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