Relative age effect? No "flipping" way! Apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.

In contrast to research on team-sports, delayed maturation has been observed in higher-skilled gymnasts, leading to atypical distributions of the relative age effect. Recent studies have reported intra-sport differences in the relative age effect and given the task demands across gymnastics apparatu...

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Autores principales:	Eleanor Langham-Walsh, Victoria Gottwald, James Hardy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a1074a763f7e49b9b1b0d8102e9d3494
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a1074a763f7e49b9b1b0d8102e9d34942021-12-02T20:09:54ZRelative age effect? No "flipping" way! Apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253656https://doaj.org/article/a1074a763f7e49b9b1b0d8102e9d34942021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253656https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In contrast to research on team-sports, delayed maturation has been observed in higher-skilled gymnasts, leading to atypical distributions of the relative age effect. Recent studies have reported intra-sport differences in the relative age effect and given the task demands across gymnastics apparatus, we expected to find evidence for the influence of apparatus specialism. We examined the presence of a relative age effects within a sample of elite, international, women's artistic gymnasts (N = 806, Ncountries = 87), and further sampled our data from vault, bars, beam, and floor major competition finalists. Poisson regression analysis indicated no relative age effect in the full sample (p = .55; R2 adj. = .01) but an effect that manifested when analysing apparatus independently. The Index of Discrimination (ID) analysis provided evidence of an inverse relative age effect identified for beam (p = .01; ID = 1.27; R2 adj. = .12), a finding that was corroborated by a marginal effect in our vault finalists (p = .08; ID = 1.21; R2 adj. = .06). These novel findings can be attributed to the integrated influence of self-fulfilling prophecy upon coach and gymnast expectations, as well as the technical mechanisms underpinning skill development involved in the underdog hypothesis.Eleanor Langham-WalshVictoria GottwaldJames HardyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0253656 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eleanor Langham-Walsh Victoria Gottwald James Hardy Relative age effect? No "flipping" way! Apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.
description	In contrast to research on team-sports, delayed maturation has been observed in higher-skilled gymnasts, leading to atypical distributions of the relative age effect. Recent studies have reported intra-sport differences in the relative age effect and given the task demands across gymnastics apparatus, we expected to find evidence for the influence of apparatus specialism. We examined the presence of a relative age effects within a sample of elite, international, women's artistic gymnasts (N = 806, Ncountries = 87), and further sampled our data from vault, bars, beam, and floor major competition finalists. Poisson regression analysis indicated no relative age effect in the full sample (p = .55; R2 adj. = .01) but an effect that manifested when analysing apparatus independently. The Index of Discrimination (ID) analysis provided evidence of an inverse relative age effect identified for beam (p = .01; ID = 1.27; R2 adj. = .12), a finding that was corroborated by a marginal effect in our vault finalists (p = .08; ID = 1.21; R2 adj. = .06). These novel findings can be attributed to the integrated influence of self-fulfilling prophecy upon coach and gymnast expectations, as well as the technical mechanisms underpinning skill development involved in the underdog hypothesis.
format	article
author	Eleanor Langham-Walsh Victoria Gottwald James Hardy
author_facet	Eleanor Langham-Walsh Victoria Gottwald James Hardy
author_sort	Eleanor Langham-Walsh
title	Relative age effect? No "flipping" way! Apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.
title_short	Relative age effect? No "flipping" way! Apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.
title_full	Relative age effect? No "flipping" way! Apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.
title_fullStr	Relative age effect? No "flipping" way! Apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.
title_full_unstemmed	Relative age effect? No "flipping" way! Apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.
title_sort	relative age effect? no "flipping" way! apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a1074a763f7e49b9b1b0d8102e9d3494
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Relative age effect? No "flipping" way! Apparatus dependent inverse relative age effects in elite, women's artistic gymnastics.

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