Vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in the United States, and hypertension is a primary risk factor. Therefore, the primary causes of hypertension need to be identified so they may be addressed for treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare blood pr...

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Autores principales:	Brantley K. Ballenger, Gary R. Hunter, Gordon Fisher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Blood pressure Inflammation Hemodynamics Arteries Medicine R Internal medicine RC31-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a14425b05bfe4b61988451a6594f178f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a14425b05bfe4b61988451a6594f178f2021-11-21T12:33:15ZVascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women10.1186/s40885-021-00181-32056-5909https://doaj.org/article/a14425b05bfe4b61988451a6594f178f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-021-00181-3https://doaj.org/toc/2056-5909Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in the United States, and hypertension is a primary risk factor. Therefore, the primary causes of hypertension need to be identified so they may be addressed for treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure with hemodynamic values and identify factors that may explain blood pressure differences between a cohort of healthy normotensive younger and older women. Methods Participants were 49 young (age: 33.8 ± 5.9) and 103 old (age: 65.8 ± 4) who were non-hypertensive, had no previous history of heart disease or type 2 diabetes, body mass index less than 30 kg/m2, normal electrocardiography response at rest and during exercise, nonsmokers, and no use of medications known to affect cardiovascular or metabolic function. Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Hemodynamic values measured by non-invasive pulse wave velocity through radial artery tonometry. Markers of inflammation measured through blood sample analysis. Results Significant differences exist between young and old groups in %fat (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.001), large artery elasticity (P = 0.005), small artery elasticity (P < 0.001), systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.004), total vascular impedance (P < 0.001), estimated cardiac output (P < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) (P < 0.001). Using ANCOVA the difference in SBP between age groups was no longer significant after adjusting for small artery elasticity (P < 0.001) and TNF-⍺ (P = 0.041). Conclusions These data demonstrate that blood pressure and vascular hemodynamic measures differ significantly between young and old women independent of body composition. Furthermore, these differences may be explained by the inflammation marker TNF-⍺ and/or small artery elasticity.Brantley K. BallengerGary R. HunterGordon FisherBMCarticleBlood pressureInflammationHemodynamicsArteriesMedicineRInternal medicineRC31-1245ENClinical Hypertension, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Blood pressure Inflammation Hemodynamics Arteries Medicine R Internal medicine RC31-1245
spellingShingle	Blood pressure Inflammation Hemodynamics Arteries Medicine R Internal medicine RC31-1245 Brantley K. Ballenger Gary R. Hunter Gordon Fisher Vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women
description	Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in the United States, and hypertension is a primary risk factor. Therefore, the primary causes of hypertension need to be identified so they may be addressed for treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure with hemodynamic values and identify factors that may explain blood pressure differences between a cohort of healthy normotensive younger and older women. Methods Participants were 49 young (age: 33.8 ± 5.9) and 103 old (age: 65.8 ± 4) who were non-hypertensive, had no previous history of heart disease or type 2 diabetes, body mass index less than 30 kg/m2, normal electrocardiography response at rest and during exercise, nonsmokers, and no use of medications known to affect cardiovascular or metabolic function. Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Hemodynamic values measured by non-invasive pulse wave velocity through radial artery tonometry. Markers of inflammation measured through blood sample analysis. Results Significant differences exist between young and old groups in %fat (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.001), large artery elasticity (P = 0.005), small artery elasticity (P < 0.001), systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.004), total vascular impedance (P < 0.001), estimated cardiac output (P < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) (P < 0.001). Using ANCOVA the difference in SBP between age groups was no longer significant after adjusting for small artery elasticity (P < 0.001) and TNF-⍺ (P = 0.041). Conclusions These data demonstrate that blood pressure and vascular hemodynamic measures differ significantly between young and old women independent of body composition. Furthermore, these differences may be explained by the inflammation marker TNF-⍺ and/or small artery elasticity.
format	article
author	Brantley K. Ballenger Gary R. Hunter Gordon Fisher
author_facet	Brantley K. Ballenger Gary R. Hunter Gordon Fisher
author_sort	Brantley K. Ballenger
title	Vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women
title_short	Vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women
title_full	Vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women
title_fullStr	Vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women
title_full_unstemmed	Vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women
title_sort	vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a14425b05bfe4b61988451a6594f178f
work_keys_str_mv	AT brantleykballenger vascularhemodynamicsandbloodpressuredifferencesbetweenyoungandolderwomen AT garyrhunter vascularhemodynamicsandbloodpressuredifferencesbetweenyoungandolderwomen AT gordonfisher vascularhemodynamicsandbloodpressuredifferencesbetweenyoungandolderwomen
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Vascular hemodynamics and blood pressure differences between young and older women

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