Prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study

Raba Thapa,1 Sanyam Bajimaya,1 Govinda Paudyal,1 Shankar Khanal,2 Stevie Tan,3 Suman S Thapa,1 Ger van Rens3 1Vitreo-retina Service, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, 2Central Departments of Statistics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije Univers...

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Autores principales:	Thapa R, Bajimaya S, Paudyal G, Khanal S, Tan S, Thapa SS, van Rens G
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:	Age-related macular degeneration prevalence risk factors Nepal Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a15f90313c25469fbd1d8848fd5c0374
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a15f90313c25469fbd1d8848fd5c03742021-12-02T00:30:29ZPrevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/a15f90313c25469fbd1d8848fd5c03742017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/prevalence-of-and-risk-factors-for-age-related-macular-degeneration-in-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Raba Thapa,1 Sanyam Bajimaya,1 Govinda Paudyal,1 Shankar Khanal,2 Stevie Tan,3 Suman S Thapa,1 Ger van Rens3 1Vitreo-retina Service, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, 2Central Departments of Statistics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Aim: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in an elderly population in Nepal. Subjects and methods: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study. A sample size of 2,100 was calculated. A total of 1,860 (88.6%) subjects aged >60 years were enrolled for the study from 30 clusters in the district. Detailed history, visual acuity, and anterior segment and posterior segment examinations were performed. AMD was graded according to the International ARM Epidemiological Study Group. Results: Among the total study population, 659 subjects had any AMD (35.43%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.25–37.65), 484 had mild dry AMD (26.02%; 95% CI: 24.04–28.08), 143 had intermediate dry AMD (7.69%; 95% CI: 6.52–8.99), 19 had geographic atrophy (1.02%; 95% CI: 0.61–1.59), and 13 had wet AMD (0.70%; 95% CI: 0.37–1.19). The overall prevalence of early and late AMD was 33.71% and 1.72%, respectively. Among subjects with dry and wet AMD, 36.53% and 46.1% had visual impairment, while 2.78% and 23.08% were blind, respectively. In multivariate analysis, AMD was significantly higher in subjects with an increased number of cigarettes smoked per day (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04; P=0.007) and in subjects with pseudophakia (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12–1.87; P=0.005). Conclusion: One-third of the population aged ≥60 years have some form of AMD. There was a significant association with the number of cigarettes consumed and with previous cataract surgery. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, prevalence, risk factors, NepalThapa RBajimaya SPaudyal GKhanal STan SThapa SSvan Rens GDove Medical PressarticleAge-related macular degenerationprevalencerisk factorsNepalOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 11, Pp 963-972 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Age-related macular degeneration prevalence risk factors Nepal Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Age-related macular degeneration prevalence risk factors Nepal Ophthalmology RE1-994 Thapa R Bajimaya S Paudyal G Khanal S Tan S Thapa SS van Rens G Prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study
description	Raba Thapa,1 Sanyam Bajimaya,1 Govinda Paudyal,1 Shankar Khanal,2 Stevie Tan,3 Suman S Thapa,1 Ger van Rens3 1Vitreo-retina Service, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, 2Central Departments of Statistics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Aim: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in an elderly population in Nepal. Subjects and methods: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study. A sample size of 2,100 was calculated. A total of 1,860 (88.6%) subjects aged >60 years were enrolled for the study from 30 clusters in the district. Detailed history, visual acuity, and anterior segment and posterior segment examinations were performed. AMD was graded according to the International ARM Epidemiological Study Group. Results: Among the total study population, 659 subjects had any AMD (35.43%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.25–37.65), 484 had mild dry AMD (26.02%; 95% CI: 24.04–28.08), 143 had intermediate dry AMD (7.69%; 95% CI: 6.52–8.99), 19 had geographic atrophy (1.02%; 95% CI: 0.61–1.59), and 13 had wet AMD (0.70%; 95% CI: 0.37–1.19). The overall prevalence of early and late AMD was 33.71% and 1.72%, respectively. Among subjects with dry and wet AMD, 36.53% and 46.1% had visual impairment, while 2.78% and 23.08% were blind, respectively. In multivariate analysis, AMD was significantly higher in subjects with an increased number of cigarettes smoked per day (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04; P=0.007) and in subjects with pseudophakia (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12–1.87; P=0.005). Conclusion: One-third of the population aged ≥60 years have some form of AMD. There was a significant association with the number of cigarettes consumed and with previous cataract surgery. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, prevalence, risk factors, Nepal
format	article
author	Thapa R Bajimaya S Paudyal G Khanal S Tan S Thapa SS van Rens G
author_facet	Thapa R Bajimaya S Paudyal G Khanal S Tan S Thapa SS van Rens G
author_sort	Thapa R
title	Prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study
title_short	Prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study
title_full	Prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study
title_fullStr	Prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study
title_sort	prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in nepal: the bhaktapur retina study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/a15f90313c25469fbd1d8848fd5c0374
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Prevalence of and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study

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