The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees

The European Green Deal strategy currently implemented in the EU aims to, among others, reduce the negative impact of fertilization on the environment. One of the solutions influencing the nutritional status of plants and the improvement of soil quality is the use of plant symbiosis with microorgani...

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Autores principales:	Kamila Łucja Bokszczanin, Dariusz Wrona, Sebastian Przybyłko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi PGPRs nitrogen fertilization ammonium nitrate leaf nutrient uptake fruit nutrient uptake Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a1613b8b2c354174a0bf61d7a8ce3af3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a1613b8b2c354174a0bf61d7a8ce3af32021-11-25T16:12:20ZThe Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees10.3390/agronomy111123482073-4395https://doaj.org/article/a1613b8b2c354174a0bf61d7a8ce3af32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2348https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395The European Green Deal strategy currently implemented in the EU aims to, among others, reduce the negative impact of fertilization on the environment. One of the solutions influencing the nutritional status of plants and the improvement of soil quality is the use of plant symbiosis with microorganisms. Thus, in this study we investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonization on the nutritional status of apple leaves and fruit, depending on the nitrogen treatment. In a fully factorial experiment, trees were grown for nine years with or without AMFs and PGPR. We compared several ammonium nitrate treatments as well as growth without fertilization as a control. The interactions between inoculation and doses of nitrogen fertilization were observed. AMF + PGPR significantly increased the concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in leaves up to 5%, 23%, and 19%, respectively, depending on the N dosage. Conversely, in uninoculated trees, the nitrogen treatment had a negative impact on the leaf P mineral status. On the other hand, under microbial inoculation conditions, the dose of 100 kg N∙ha<sup>−1</sup> diminished the leaf phosphorus content in comparison to other N doses, by a maximum of 9.6%. AMF + PGPR, depending on the N treatment, either did not influence or it decreased the Mg and Ca concentrations in the leaves by maximums of 8% and 15%, respectively. Microbial inoculation had no effect on the acquisition of Ca and Mg by fruits, except for the coupled negative influence of the 100 kg N∙ha<sup>−1</sup> treatment. Symbiosis positively conditioned the K in fruits under a specific N regime—100 kg N∙ha<sup>−1</sup> divided into two applications during the season and 50 kg N∙ha<sup>−1</sup> applied to the herbicide strip, increasing the concentration by approximately 4% and 8%, respectively. This study greatly contributes to our understanding of the benefits of AMF and PGPR on perennials and encourages the future exploration of their effects on apple yield and fruit quality.Kamila Łucja BokszczaninDariusz WronaSebastian PrzybyłkoMDPI AGarticlearbuscular mycorrhizal fungiPGPRsnitrogen fertilizationammonium nitrateleaf nutrient uptakefruit nutrient uptakeAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2348, p 2348 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi PGPRs nitrogen fertilization ammonium nitrate leaf nutrient uptake fruit nutrient uptake Agriculture S
spellingShingle	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi PGPRs nitrogen fertilization ammonium nitrate leaf nutrient uptake fruit nutrient uptake Agriculture S Kamila Łucja Bokszczanin Dariusz Wrona Sebastian Przybyłko The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees
description	The European Green Deal strategy currently implemented in the EU aims to, among others, reduce the negative impact of fertilization on the environment. One of the solutions influencing the nutritional status of plants and the improvement of soil quality is the use of plant symbiosis with microorganisms. Thus, in this study we investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonization on the nutritional status of apple leaves and fruit, depending on the nitrogen treatment. In a fully factorial experiment, trees were grown for nine years with or without AMFs and PGPR. We compared several ammonium nitrate treatments as well as growth without fertilization as a control. The interactions between inoculation and doses of nitrogen fertilization were observed. AMF + PGPR significantly increased the concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in leaves up to 5%, 23%, and 19%, respectively, depending on the N dosage. Conversely, in uninoculated trees, the nitrogen treatment had a negative impact on the leaf P mineral status. On the other hand, under microbial inoculation conditions, the dose of 100 kg N∙ha<sup>−1</sup> diminished the leaf phosphorus content in comparison to other N doses, by a maximum of 9.6%. AMF + PGPR, depending on the N treatment, either did not influence or it decreased the Mg and Ca concentrations in the leaves by maximums of 8% and 15%, respectively. Microbial inoculation had no effect on the acquisition of Ca and Mg by fruits, except for the coupled negative influence of the 100 kg N∙ha<sup>−1</sup> treatment. Symbiosis positively conditioned the K in fruits under a specific N regime—100 kg N∙ha<sup>−1</sup> divided into two applications during the season and 50 kg N∙ha<sup>−1</sup> applied to the herbicide strip, increasing the concentration by approximately 4% and 8%, respectively. This study greatly contributes to our understanding of the benefits of AMF and PGPR on perennials and encourages the future exploration of their effects on apple yield and fruit quality.
format	article
author	Kamila Łucja Bokszczanin Dariusz Wrona Sebastian Przybyłko
author_facet	Kamila Łucja Bokszczanin Dariusz Wrona Sebastian Przybyłko
author_sort	Kamila Łucja Bokszczanin
title	The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees
title_short	The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees
title_full	The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees
title_fullStr	The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees
title_sort	effect of microbial inoculation under various nitrogen regimes on the uptake of nutrients by apple trees
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a1613b8b2c354174a0bf61d7a8ce3af3
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The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees

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