Kratom Alkaloids: Interactions With Enzymes, Receptors, and Cellular Barriers

Parallel to the growing use of kratom, there is a wealth of evidence from self-report, preclinical, and early clinical studies on therapeutic benefits of its alkaloids in particular for treating pain, managing substance use disorder, and coping with emotional or mental health conditions. On the othe...

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Autores principales:	Nur Aziah Hanapi, Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear, Juzaili Azizi, Siti R. Yusof
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	receptor-binding mitragynine Mitragyna speciosa metabolism kratom alkaloids Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a1678a3899b74e15988f2d345e57a552
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a1678a3899b74e15988f2d345e57a5522021-11-17T05:59:04ZKratom Alkaloids: Interactions With Enzymes, Receptors, and Cellular Barriers1663-981210.3389/fphar.2021.751656https://doaj.org/article/a1678a3899b74e15988f2d345e57a5522021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.751656/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812Parallel to the growing use of kratom, there is a wealth of evidence from self-report, preclinical, and early clinical studies on therapeutic benefits of its alkaloids in particular for treating pain, managing substance use disorder, and coping with emotional or mental health conditions. On the other hand, there are also reports on potential health risks concerning kratom use. These two aspects are often discussed in reviews on kratom. Here, we aim to highlight specific areas that are of importance to give insights into the mechanistic of kratom alkaloids pharmacological actions. This includes their interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes and predictions of clinical drug-drug interactions, receptor-binding properties, interactions with cellular barriers in regards to barrier permeability, involvement of membrane transporters, and alteration of barrier function when exposed to the alkaloids.Nur Aziah HanapiNelson Jeng-Yeou ChearJuzaili AziziSiti R. YusofFrontiers Media S.A.articlereceptor-bindingmitragynineMitragyna speciosametabolismkratomalkaloidsTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENFrontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	receptor-binding mitragynine Mitragyna speciosa metabolism kratom alkaloids Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	receptor-binding mitragynine Mitragyna speciosa metabolism kratom alkaloids Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Nur Aziah Hanapi Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear Juzaili Azizi Siti R. Yusof Kratom Alkaloids: Interactions With Enzymes, Receptors, and Cellular Barriers
description	Parallel to the growing use of kratom, there is a wealth of evidence from self-report, preclinical, and early clinical studies on therapeutic benefits of its alkaloids in particular for treating pain, managing substance use disorder, and coping with emotional or mental health conditions. On the other hand, there are also reports on potential health risks concerning kratom use. These two aspects are often discussed in reviews on kratom. Here, we aim to highlight specific areas that are of importance to give insights into the mechanistic of kratom alkaloids pharmacological actions. This includes their interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes and predictions of clinical drug-drug interactions, receptor-binding properties, interactions with cellular barriers in regards to barrier permeability, involvement of membrane transporters, and alteration of barrier function when exposed to the alkaloids.
format	article
author	Nur Aziah Hanapi Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear Juzaili Azizi Siti R. Yusof
author_facet	Nur Aziah Hanapi Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear Juzaili Azizi Siti R. Yusof
author_sort	Nur Aziah Hanapi
title	Kratom Alkaloids: Interactions With Enzymes, Receptors, and Cellular Barriers
title_short	Kratom Alkaloids: Interactions With Enzymes, Receptors, and Cellular Barriers
title_full	Kratom Alkaloids: Interactions With Enzymes, Receptors, and Cellular Barriers
title_fullStr	Kratom Alkaloids: Interactions With Enzymes, Receptors, and Cellular Barriers
title_full_unstemmed	Kratom Alkaloids: Interactions With Enzymes, Receptors, and Cellular Barriers
title_sort	kratom alkaloids: interactions with enzymes, receptors, and cellular barriers
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a1678a3899b74e15988f2d345e57a552
work_keys_str_mv	AT nuraziahhanapi kratomalkaloidsinteractionswithenzymesreceptorsandcellularbarriers AT nelsonjengyeouchear kratomalkaloidsinteractionswithenzymesreceptorsandcellularbarriers AT juzailiazizi kratomalkaloidsinteractionswithenzymesreceptorsandcellularbarriers AT sitiryusof kratomalkaloidsinteractionswithenzymesreceptorsandcellularbarriers
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Kratom Alkaloids: Interactions With Enzymes, Receptors, and Cellular Barriers

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