Nanoemulgel, an Innovative Carrier for Diflunisal Topical Delivery with Profound Anti-Inflammatory Effect: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation

Mehreen Bashir,1 Junaid Ahmad,1 Muhammad Asif,2 Salah-Ud-Din Khan,3 Muhammad Irfan,1 Asim Y Ibrahim,4 Sajid Asghar,1 Ikram Ullah Khan,1 Muhammad Shahid Iqbal,5 Abdul Haseeb,6 Syed Haroon Khalid,1 Mohammed AS Abourehab7,8 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Co...

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Autores principales:	Bashir M, Ahmad J, Asif M, Khan SUD, Irfan M, Y Ibrahim A, Asghar S, Khan IU, Iqbal MS, Haseeb A, Khalid SH, AS Abourehab M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	diflunsal nanoemulsion pseudoternary phase diagram in vitro skin permeation anti-inflammatory activity improved efficacy Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a16e3bce08c94147b4603b9325816bd3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a16e3bce08c94147b4603b9325816bd32021-12-02T14:18:12ZNanoemulgel, an Innovative Carrier for Diflunisal Topical Delivery with Profound Anti-Inflammatory Effect: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/a16e3bce08c94147b4603b9325816bd32021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/nanoemulgel-an-innovative-carrier-for-diflunisal-topical-delivery-with-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Mehreen Bashir,1 Junaid Ahmad,1 Muhammad Asif,2 Salah-Ud-Din Khan,3 Muhammad Irfan,1 Asim Y Ibrahim,4 Sajid Asghar,1 Ikram Ullah Khan,1 Muhammad Shahid Iqbal,5 Abdul Haseeb,6 Syed Haroon Khalid,1 Mohammed AS Abourehab7,8 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 3Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, EgyptCorrespondence: Syed Haroon KhalidDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, PakistanTel +92-3166752223Email syedharoonkhalid@gcuf.edu.pkPurpose: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that directly affects joints. However, other body organs including heart, eyes, skin, blood vessels and lungs may also be affected. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a nanoemulgel formulation of diflunisal (DIF) and solubility enhanced diflunisal (DIF-IC) for enhanced topical anti-inflammatory activity.Methodology: Nanoemulsion formulations of both DIF and DIF-IC were prepared and incorporated in three different gelling agents, namely carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na), sodium alginate (Na-ALG) and xanthan gum (XG). All the formulations were evaluated in term of particle size, pH, conductivity, viscosity, zeta potential and in vitro drug release. The formulation 2 (NE2) of both DIF and DIF-IC which expressed optimum release and satisfactory physicochemical properties was incorporated with gelling agents to produce final nanoemulgel formulations. The optimized nanoemulgel formulation was subjected to three different in vivo anti-inflammatory models including carrageenan-induced paw edema model, histamine-induced paw edema model and formalin-induced paw edema model.Results: DIF-IC-loaded nanoemulgel formulations yielded significantly enhanced in vitro skin permeation than DIF-loaded nanoemulgel. The nanoemulgel formulation of DIF-IC formulated with XG produced improved in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusion: It was recommended that DIF-IC-based nanoemulgel formulation prepared with XG could be a better option for effective topical treatment of inflammatory conditions.Keywords: diflunisal, nanoemulsion, pseudoternary phase diagram, in vitro skin permeation, anti-inflammatory activity, improved efficacyBashir MAhmad JAsif MKhan SUDIrfan MY Ibrahim AAsghar SKhan IUIqbal MSHaseeb AKhalid SHAS Abourehab MDove Medical Pressarticlediflunsalnanoemulsionpseudoternary phase diagramin vitro skin permeationanti-inflammatory activityimproved efficacyMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 16, Pp 1457-1472 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diflunsal nanoemulsion pseudoternary phase diagram in vitro skin permeation anti-inflammatory activity improved efficacy Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	diflunsal nanoemulsion pseudoternary phase diagram in vitro skin permeation anti-inflammatory activity improved efficacy Medicine (General) R5-920 Bashir M Ahmad J Asif M Khan SUD Irfan M Y Ibrahim A Asghar S Khan IU Iqbal MS Haseeb A Khalid SH AS Abourehab M Nanoemulgel, an Innovative Carrier for Diflunisal Topical Delivery with Profound Anti-Inflammatory Effect: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation
description	Mehreen Bashir,1 Junaid Ahmad,1 Muhammad Asif,2 Salah-Ud-Din Khan,3 Muhammad Irfan,1 Asim Y Ibrahim,4 Sajid Asghar,1 Ikram Ullah Khan,1 Muhammad Shahid Iqbal,5 Abdul Haseeb,6 Syed Haroon Khalid,1 Mohammed AS Abourehab7,8 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 3Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, EgyptCorrespondence: Syed Haroon KhalidDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, PakistanTel +92-3166752223Email syedharoonkhalid@gcuf.edu.pkPurpose: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that directly affects joints. However, other body organs including heart, eyes, skin, blood vessels and lungs may also be affected. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a nanoemulgel formulation of diflunisal (DIF) and solubility enhanced diflunisal (DIF-IC) for enhanced topical anti-inflammatory activity.Methodology: Nanoemulsion formulations of both DIF and DIF-IC were prepared and incorporated in three different gelling agents, namely carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na), sodium alginate (Na-ALG) and xanthan gum (XG). All the formulations were evaluated in term of particle size, pH, conductivity, viscosity, zeta potential and in vitro drug release. The formulation 2 (NE2) of both DIF and DIF-IC which expressed optimum release and satisfactory physicochemical properties was incorporated with gelling agents to produce final nanoemulgel formulations. The optimized nanoemulgel formulation was subjected to three different in vivo anti-inflammatory models including carrageenan-induced paw edema model, histamine-induced paw edema model and formalin-induced paw edema model.Results: DIF-IC-loaded nanoemulgel formulations yielded significantly enhanced in vitro skin permeation than DIF-loaded nanoemulgel. The nanoemulgel formulation of DIF-IC formulated with XG produced improved in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusion: It was recommended that DIF-IC-based nanoemulgel formulation prepared with XG could be a better option for effective topical treatment of inflammatory conditions.Keywords: diflunisal, nanoemulsion, pseudoternary phase diagram, in vitro skin permeation, anti-inflammatory activity, improved efficacy
format	article
author	Bashir M Ahmad J Asif M Khan SUD Irfan M Y Ibrahim A Asghar S Khan IU Iqbal MS Haseeb A Khalid SH AS Abourehab M
author_facet	Bashir M Ahmad J Asif M Khan SUD Irfan M Y Ibrahim A Asghar S Khan IU Iqbal MS Haseeb A Khalid SH AS Abourehab M
author_sort	Bashir M
title	Nanoemulgel, an Innovative Carrier for Diflunisal Topical Delivery with Profound Anti-Inflammatory Effect: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation
title_short	Nanoemulgel, an Innovative Carrier for Diflunisal Topical Delivery with Profound Anti-Inflammatory Effect: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation
title_full	Nanoemulgel, an Innovative Carrier for Diflunisal Topical Delivery with Profound Anti-Inflammatory Effect: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation
title_fullStr	Nanoemulgel, an Innovative Carrier for Diflunisal Topical Delivery with Profound Anti-Inflammatory Effect: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation
title_full_unstemmed	Nanoemulgel, an Innovative Carrier for Diflunisal Topical Delivery with Profound Anti-Inflammatory Effect: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation
title_sort	nanoemulgel, an innovative carrier for diflunisal topical delivery with profound anti-inflammatory effect: in vitro and in vivo evaluation
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a16e3bce08c94147b4603b9325816bd3
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Nanoemulgel, an Innovative Carrier for Diflunisal Topical Delivery with Profound Anti-Inflammatory Effect: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation

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