Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability

In this work, a silane modifier with benzyl substitutes (OFS-B) and linear substitutes (OFS-L) was used to modify bentonite clay and soil, and the results were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR) and powder-X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. A contact angle ana...

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Autores principales:	Tong Xu, Jiacheng Yu, Dongjian Cai, Zhaoyang You, Kinjal J. Shah
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bioretention clay heavy metal hydrophobicity silane soil chemistry Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a173cb616c724a88ac23d669725b5464
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a173cb616c724a88ac23d669725b54642021-11-25T19:14:56ZRemoval of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability10.3390/w132231642073-4441https://doaj.org/article/a173cb616c724a88ac23d669725b54642021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3164https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441In this work, a silane modifier with benzyl substitutes (OFS-B) and linear substitutes (OFS-L) was used to modify bentonite clay and soil, and the results were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR) and powder-X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. A contact angle analysis was performed to determine the wettability of modified clay and soil. The findings revealed that silane-modified OFS-L clay and soil produced wettable surfaces, while OFS-B exhibited hydrophobic properties. These clays and soils were used in a bioretention system for Cd (II) removal. In the study, seven different types of bioretention systems, including natural, OFS-L, and OFS-B modified clay and soil, as well as natural, OFS-L, and OFS-B modified soil, were applied to <i>Cyperus alternifolius</i> plants without an additional layer. The removal capacity of Cd (II) was measured in the following order: modified clay > modified soil > original clay/soil > no layer, i.e., 99.48%, 92.22%, 88.10/78.5%, and 30.0%, respectively. OFS-L removed more Cd (II) than OFS-B during the modification. OFS-L now improves the bioavailability and accumulation of Cd (II) in the plant (18.5 µg/g) and has a higher chlorophyll-b concentration (1.92 mg/g fresh weight) than other systems. The wettable clay exhibited clay leaching into the various levels of the bioretention system. In the bioretention system, benzyl substituted clay prevented the penetration of water and formed a Cd (II) agglomeration. When compared to non-wettable modifiers, these results indicated that wettable clay material could be a capable material for removing Cd (II).Tong XuJiacheng YuDongjian CaiZhaoyang YouKinjal J. ShahMDPI AGarticlebioretentionclayheavy metalhydrophobicitysilanesoil chemistryHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3164, p 3164 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bioretention clay heavy metal hydrophobicity silane soil chemistry Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	bioretention clay heavy metal hydrophobicity silane soil chemistry Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Tong Xu Jiacheng Yu Dongjian Cai Zhaoyang You Kinjal J. Shah Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability
description	In this work, a silane modifier with benzyl substitutes (OFS-B) and linear substitutes (OFS-L) was used to modify bentonite clay and soil, and the results were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR) and powder-X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. A contact angle analysis was performed to determine the wettability of modified clay and soil. The findings revealed that silane-modified OFS-L clay and soil produced wettable surfaces, while OFS-B exhibited hydrophobic properties. These clays and soils were used in a bioretention system for Cd (II) removal. In the study, seven different types of bioretention systems, including natural, OFS-L, and OFS-B modified clay and soil, as well as natural, OFS-L, and OFS-B modified soil, were applied to <i>Cyperus alternifolius</i> plants without an additional layer. The removal capacity of Cd (II) was measured in the following order: modified clay > modified soil > original clay/soil > no layer, i.e., 99.48%, 92.22%, 88.10/78.5%, and 30.0%, respectively. OFS-L removed more Cd (II) than OFS-B during the modification. OFS-L now improves the bioavailability and accumulation of Cd (II) in the plant (18.5 µg/g) and has a higher chlorophyll-b concentration (1.92 mg/g fresh weight) than other systems. The wettable clay exhibited clay leaching into the various levels of the bioretention system. In the bioretention system, benzyl substituted clay prevented the penetration of water and formed a Cd (II) agglomeration. When compared to non-wettable modifiers, these results indicated that wettable clay material could be a capable material for removing Cd (II).
format	article
author	Tong Xu Jiacheng Yu Dongjian Cai Zhaoyang You Kinjal J. Shah
author_facet	Tong Xu Jiacheng Yu Dongjian Cai Zhaoyang You Kinjal J. Shah
author_sort	Tong Xu
title	Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability
title_short	Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability
title_full	Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability
title_fullStr	Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability
title_full_unstemmed	Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability
title_sort	removal of cd (ii) ions from bioretention system by clay and soil wettability
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a173cb616c724a88ac23d669725b5464
work_keys_str_mv	AT tongxu removalofcdiiionsfrombioretentionsystembyclayandsoilwettability AT jiachengyu removalofcdiiionsfrombioretentionsystembyclayandsoilwettability AT dongjiancai removalofcdiiionsfrombioretentionsystembyclayandsoilwettability AT zhaoyangyou removalofcdiiionsfrombioretentionsystembyclayandsoilwettability AT kinjaljshah removalofcdiiionsfrombioretentionsystembyclayandsoilwettability
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Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability

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