The shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization

Abstract Using the isopod Armadillidium vulgare as a case study, we review the significance of the "bacterial dosage model", which connects the expression of the extended phenotype to the rise of the Wolbachia load. In isopods, the Insulin-like Androgenic Gland hormone (IAG) induces male d...

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Autores principales:	Benjamin Herran, Sandrine Geniez, Carine Delaunay, Maryline Raimond, Jérôme Lesobre, Joanne Bertaux, Barton Slatko, Pierre Grève
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a17f87a24ca54f6ca9e520c8d5681126
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a17f87a24ca54f6ca9e520c8d56811262021-12-02T16:32:12ZThe shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization10.1038/s41598-020-67428-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a17f87a24ca54f6ca9e520c8d56811262020-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67428-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Using the isopod Armadillidium vulgare as a case study, we review the significance of the "bacterial dosage model", which connects the expression of the extended phenotype to the rise of the Wolbachia load. In isopods, the Insulin-like Androgenic Gland hormone (IAG) induces male differentiation: Wolbachia feminizes males through insulin resistance, presumably through defunct insulin receptors. This should prevent an autocrine development of the androgenic glands so that females differentiate instead: feminization should translate as IAG silencing and increased Wolbachia load in the same developmental window. In line with the autocrine model, uninfected males expressed IAG from the first larval stage on, long before the androgenic gland primordia begin to differentiate, and exponentially throughout development. In contrast in infected males, expression fully stopped at stage 4 (juvenile), when male differentiation begins. This co-occurred with the only significant rise in the Wolbachia load throughout the life-stages. Concurrently, the raw expression of the bacterial Secretion Systems co-increased, but they were not over-expressed relative to the number of bacteria. The isopod model leads to formulate the "bacterial dosage model" throughout extended phenotypes as the conjunction between bacterial load as the mode of action, timing of multiplication (pre/post-zygotic), and site of action (soma vs. germen).Benjamin HerranSandrine GeniezCarine DelaunayMaryline RaimondJérôme LesobreJoanne BertauxBarton SlatkoPierre GrèveNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Benjamin Herran Sandrine Geniez Carine Delaunay Maryline Raimond Jérôme Lesobre Joanne Bertaux Barton Slatko Pierre Grève The shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization
description	Abstract Using the isopod Armadillidium vulgare as a case study, we review the significance of the "bacterial dosage model", which connects the expression of the extended phenotype to the rise of the Wolbachia load. In isopods, the Insulin-like Androgenic Gland hormone (IAG) induces male differentiation: Wolbachia feminizes males through insulin resistance, presumably through defunct insulin receptors. This should prevent an autocrine development of the androgenic glands so that females differentiate instead: feminization should translate as IAG silencing and increased Wolbachia load in the same developmental window. In line with the autocrine model, uninfected males expressed IAG from the first larval stage on, long before the androgenic gland primordia begin to differentiate, and exponentially throughout development. In contrast in infected males, expression fully stopped at stage 4 (juvenile), when male differentiation begins. This co-occurred with the only significant rise in the Wolbachia load throughout the life-stages. Concurrently, the raw expression of the bacterial Secretion Systems co-increased, but they were not over-expressed relative to the number of bacteria. The isopod model leads to formulate the "bacterial dosage model" throughout extended phenotypes as the conjunction between bacterial load as the mode of action, timing of multiplication (pre/post-zygotic), and site of action (soma vs. germen).
format	article
author	Benjamin Herran Sandrine Geniez Carine Delaunay Maryline Raimond Jérôme Lesobre Joanne Bertaux Barton Slatko Pierre Grève
author_facet	Benjamin Herran Sandrine Geniez Carine Delaunay Maryline Raimond Jérôme Lesobre Joanne Bertaux Barton Slatko Pierre Grève
author_sort	Benjamin Herran
title	The shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization
title_short	The shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization
title_full	The shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization
title_fullStr	The shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization
title_full_unstemmed	The shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization
title_sort	shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for wolbachia load and feminization
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/a17f87a24ca54f6ca9e520c8d5681126
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The shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization

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