Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant

Background and Objective: Limited water resources in arid and semi-arid regions are one of the major limiting factors in agricultural production. Thus, unconventional water resources, such as urban treated wastewater, may be used for irrigation. Application of wastewater to the soil may cause accumu...

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Autores principales:	Maliha Afkhami, Fazel Amiri, Tayebeh Tabatabaie
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	FA
Publicado:	Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2021
Materias:	irrigation accumulations heavy metals urban wastewater sweet pepper Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a18fc61b8bf340b784513cd974ac9bc6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a18fc61b8bf340b784513cd974ac9bc62021-11-21T04:53:48ZEffect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant2008-20292008-3718https://doaj.org/article/a18fc61b8bf340b784513cd974ac9bc62021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttp://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6487-en.htmlhttps://doaj.org/toc/2008-2029https://doaj.org/toc/2008-3718Background and Objective: Limited water resources in arid and semi-arid regions are one of the major limiting factors in agricultural production. Thus, unconventional water resources, such as urban treated wastewater, may be used for irrigation. Application of wastewater to the soil may cause accumulation of heavy metals (HMs). Soil pollution causes uptake of these metals by plants and their entrance to the food chain. In the present greenhouse research, concentration variations of HMs (lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)( in soil and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant were investigated. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications and irrigation with different wastewater treated (well water, wastewater treatment and diluted wastewater). To evaluate the effects of different irrigation treatments on soil, parameters of acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), the concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cd in soil were studied. Additionally, for the effects of irrigation treatments on sweet pepper plant, parameters of biomass weight, fresh and dry weight and Pb and Cd concentrations (in branches, fruits and roots) were measured. The amount of Pb and Cd in the pepper were measured by ICP-OES. The obtained average concentrations were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan test was used to determine the differences between groups (p <0.05). The independent t-test was also used to investigate the difference in concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil and water (p <0.05). Results: The results of chemical analysis of soil and pepper showed that irrigation with wastewater did not cause a significant increase in the concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and in the branches, fruits and roots of the pepper. The concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and in the branches, fruits and roots of the pepper was within the allowable and standard concentration range. The difference in lead and cadmium concentrations in the soil before planting was not significant; however, at the end of the study period, the Pb concentration in pepper was higher than the Cd concentration. The use of wastewater increased the fresh and dry weight of branches, fruits and roots of the pepper. Conclusion: The results showed that Pb and Cd concentration in roots and aerial parts of pepper plant was not increased significantly as a result of wastewater irrigation (p <0.05). The results of this study are limited to one growing season and by the continued use of municipal wastewater, the concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and then in the plant may exceed the standard. Especially in the case of Pb, which seems to have shown a slight tendency to increase relative to the primary soil and the pepper. Therefore, the continuation of this study is recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of Bushehr municipal treated wastewater on the concentration of heavy elements in soil and plants, and soil properties. Overall, it should be acknowledged that based on technical recommendations, the use of treated wastewater are not recommended.Maliha AfkhamiFazel AmiriTayebeh TabatabaieTehran University of Medical Sciencesarticleirrigationaccumulations heavy metalsurban wastewatersweet pepperEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350FAسلامت و محیط, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 99-114 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	FA
topic	irrigation accumulations heavy metals urban wastewater sweet pepper Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	irrigation accumulations heavy metals urban wastewater sweet pepper Environmental sciences GE1-350 Maliha Afkhami Fazel Amiri Tayebeh Tabatabaie Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant
description	Background and Objective: Limited water resources in arid and semi-arid regions are one of the major limiting factors in agricultural production. Thus, unconventional water resources, such as urban treated wastewater, may be used for irrigation. Application of wastewater to the soil may cause accumulation of heavy metals (HMs). Soil pollution causes uptake of these metals by plants and their entrance to the food chain. In the present greenhouse research, concentration variations of HMs (lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)( in soil and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant were investigated. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications and irrigation with different wastewater treated (well water, wastewater treatment and diluted wastewater). To evaluate the effects of different irrigation treatments on soil, parameters of acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), the concentration of heavy metals Pb and Cd in soil were studied. Additionally, for the effects of irrigation treatments on sweet pepper plant, parameters of biomass weight, fresh and dry weight and Pb and Cd concentrations (in branches, fruits and roots) were measured. The amount of Pb and Cd in the pepper were measured by ICP-OES. The obtained average concentrations were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan test was used to determine the differences between groups (p <0.05). The independent t-test was also used to investigate the difference in concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil and water (p <0.05). Results: The results of chemical analysis of soil and pepper showed that irrigation with wastewater did not cause a significant increase in the concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and in the branches, fruits and roots of the pepper. The concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and in the branches, fruits and roots of the pepper was within the allowable and standard concentration range. The difference in lead and cadmium concentrations in the soil before planting was not significant; however, at the end of the study period, the Pb concentration in pepper was higher than the Cd concentration. The use of wastewater increased the fresh and dry weight of branches, fruits and roots of the pepper. Conclusion: The results showed that Pb and Cd concentration in roots and aerial parts of pepper plant was not increased significantly as a result of wastewater irrigation (p <0.05). The results of this study are limited to one growing season and by the continued use of municipal wastewater, the concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and then in the plant may exceed the standard. Especially in the case of Pb, which seems to have shown a slight tendency to increase relative to the primary soil and the pepper. Therefore, the continuation of this study is recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of Bushehr municipal treated wastewater on the concentration of heavy elements in soil and plants, and soil properties. Overall, it should be acknowledged that based on technical recommendations, the use of treated wastewater are not recommended.
format	article
author	Maliha Afkhami Fazel Amiri Tayebeh Tabatabaie
author_facet	Maliha Afkhami Fazel Amiri Tayebeh Tabatabaie
author_sort	Maliha Afkhami
title	Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant
title_short	Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant
title_full	Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant
title_fullStr	Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant
title_sort	effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant
publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a18fc61b8bf340b784513cd974ac9bc6
work_keys_str_mv	AT malihaafkhami effectofirrigationwithtreatedwastewateronleadandcadmiumaccumulationsinsoilandsweetpepperplant AT fazelamiri effectofirrigationwithtreatedwastewateronleadandcadmiumaccumulationsinsoilandsweetpepperplant AT tayebehtabatabaie effectofirrigationwithtreatedwastewateronleadandcadmiumaccumulationsinsoilandsweetpepperplant
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Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant

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