Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature

Background: Burnout is a widespread, multifactorial, and mainly psychological phenomenon. The pathogenesis of burnout is commonly described within the bio-psycho-social model of health and disease. Recent literature suggests that the phenomenon of burnout may be broader so that the three dimensions...

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Autores principales:	Ian W. Listopad, Maren M. Michaelsen, Lena Werdecker, Tobias Esch
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	burnout stress spirituality work culture bio-psycho-socio-spirito-cultural model burnout dimensions Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a1ba0c00946a44e89da4407eb0d9ddb9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a1ba0c00946a44e89da4407eb0d9ddb92021-12-02T00:36:41ZBio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.722862https://doaj.org/article/a1ba0c00946a44e89da4407eb0d9ddb92021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722862/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Background: Burnout is a widespread, multifactorial, and mainly psychological phenomenon. The pathogenesis of burnout is commonly described within the bio-psycho-social model of health and disease. Recent literature suggests that the phenomenon of burnout may be broader so that the three dimensions might not reflect the multifaceted and complex nature of the syndrome. Consequently, this review aims to identify the diversity of factors related to burnout, to define overarching categories based on these, and to clarify whether the bio-psycho-social model adequately describes the pathogenesis of burnout—holistically and sufficiently.Method: Five online databases (PubMed, PubPsych, PsychARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched using defined search terms to identify relevant studies. The publication date was set between January 1981 and November 2020. Based on the selected literature, we identified factors related to burnout. We aggregated these factors into a comprehensible list and assigned them to overarching categories. Then, we assigned the factors to the dimensions of an extended model of health and disease.Results: We identified a total of 40 burnout-related factors and 10 overarching categories. Our results show that in addition to biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors, various factors that can be assigned to a spiritual and work cultural dimension also play an important role in the onset of burnout.Conclusion: An extended bio-psycho-socio-spirito-cultural model is necessary to describe the pathogenesis of burnout. Therefore, future studies should also focus on spiritual and work cultural factors when investigating burnout. Furthermore, these factors should not be neglected in future developments of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention options.Ian W. ListopadMaren M. MichaelsenLena WerdeckerTobias EschFrontiers Media S.A.articleburnoutstressspiritualitywork culturebio-psycho-socio-spirito-cultural modelburnout dimensionsPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	burnout stress spirituality work culture bio-psycho-socio-spirito-cultural model burnout dimensions Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	burnout stress spirituality work culture bio-psycho-socio-spirito-cultural model burnout dimensions Psychology BF1-990 Ian W. Listopad Maren M. Michaelsen Lena Werdecker Tobias Esch Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature
description	Background: Burnout is a widespread, multifactorial, and mainly psychological phenomenon. The pathogenesis of burnout is commonly described within the bio-psycho-social model of health and disease. Recent literature suggests that the phenomenon of burnout may be broader so that the three dimensions might not reflect the multifaceted and complex nature of the syndrome. Consequently, this review aims to identify the diversity of factors related to burnout, to define overarching categories based on these, and to clarify whether the bio-psycho-social model adequately describes the pathogenesis of burnout—holistically and sufficiently.Method: Five online databases (PubMed, PubPsych, PsychARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched using defined search terms to identify relevant studies. The publication date was set between January 1981 and November 2020. Based on the selected literature, we identified factors related to burnout. We aggregated these factors into a comprehensible list and assigned them to overarching categories. Then, we assigned the factors to the dimensions of an extended model of health and disease.Results: We identified a total of 40 burnout-related factors and 10 overarching categories. Our results show that in addition to biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors, various factors that can be assigned to a spiritual and work cultural dimension also play an important role in the onset of burnout.Conclusion: An extended bio-psycho-socio-spirito-cultural model is necessary to describe the pathogenesis of burnout. Therefore, future studies should also focus on spiritual and work cultural factors when investigating burnout. Furthermore, these factors should not be neglected in future developments of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention options.
format	article
author	Ian W. Listopad Maren M. Michaelsen Lena Werdecker Tobias Esch
author_facet	Ian W. Listopad Maren M. Michaelsen Lena Werdecker Tobias Esch
author_sort	Ian W. Listopad
title	Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature
title_short	Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature
title_full	Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature
title_fullStr	Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed	Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature
title_sort	bio-psycho-socio-spirito-cultural factors of burnout: a systematic narrative review of the literature
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a1ba0c00946a44e89da4407eb0d9ddb9
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Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spirito-Cultural Factors of Burnout: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature

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