Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect

The misinformation effect occurs when an eyewitness includes information in his or her account that is incongruent with the event he or she witnessed, and stems from being exposed to incorrect external sources. This is a serious threat to the quality of witness testimony and to the correctness of de...

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Autores principales:	Malwina Szpitalak, Romuald Polczyk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	feedback memory misinformation effect reducing suggestibility reinforced self-affirmation witness testimony Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a1e3a08146614ad0b97c361c2a4fac86
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a1e3a08146614ad0b97c361c2a4fac862021-11-30T11:46:55ZMediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.666707https://doaj.org/article/a1e3a08146614ad0b97c361c2a4fac862021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666707/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078The misinformation effect occurs when an eyewitness includes information in his or her account that is incongruent with the event he or she witnessed, and stems from being exposed to incorrect external sources. This is a serious threat to the quality of witness testimony and to the correctness of decisions reached by courts. However, few methods have been developed to reduce the vulnerability of witnesses to misinformation. This article presents such a method, namely, reinforced self-affirmation (RSA), which, by increasing memory confidence of witnesses, makes them less inclined to rely on external sources of information and more on their own memory. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed in three experiments. It was also found that memory confidence, but not general self-confidence, is a mediator of the impact of RSA on misinformation effect (ME), and that contingent self-esteem and feedback acceptance, but not sense of self-efficacy or general self-esteem, are moderators of this impact. It is concluded that RSA may be a promising basis for constructing methods, which can be used by forensic psychologists in real forensic settings.Malwina SzpitalakRomuald PolczykFrontiers Media S.A.articlefeedbackmemorymisinformation effectreducing suggestibilityreinforced self-affirmationwitness testimonyPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	feedback memory misinformation effect reducing suggestibility reinforced self-affirmation witness testimony Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	feedback memory misinformation effect reducing suggestibility reinforced self-affirmation witness testimony Psychology BF1-990 Malwina Szpitalak Romuald Polczyk Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect
description	The misinformation effect occurs when an eyewitness includes information in his or her account that is incongruent with the event he or she witnessed, and stems from being exposed to incorrect external sources. This is a serious threat to the quality of witness testimony and to the correctness of decisions reached by courts. However, few methods have been developed to reduce the vulnerability of witnesses to misinformation. This article presents such a method, namely, reinforced self-affirmation (RSA), which, by increasing memory confidence of witnesses, makes them less inclined to rely on external sources of information and more on their own memory. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed in three experiments. It was also found that memory confidence, but not general self-confidence, is a mediator of the impact of RSA on misinformation effect (ME), and that contingent self-esteem and feedback acceptance, but not sense of self-efficacy or general self-esteem, are moderators of this impact. It is concluded that RSA may be a promising basis for constructing methods, which can be used by forensic psychologists in real forensic settings.
format	article
author	Malwina Szpitalak Romuald Polczyk
author_facet	Malwina Szpitalak Romuald Polczyk
author_sort	Malwina Szpitalak
title	Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect
title_short	Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect
title_full	Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect
title_fullStr	Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect
title_full_unstemmed	Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect
title_sort	mediators and moderators of reinforced self-affirmation as a method for reducing the memory misinformation effect
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a1e3a08146614ad0b97c361c2a4fac86
work_keys_str_mv	AT malwinaszpitalak mediatorsandmoderatorsofreinforcedselfaffirmationasamethodforreducingthememorymisinformationeffect AT romualdpolczyk mediatorsandmoderatorsofreinforcedselfaffirmationasamethodforreducingthememorymisinformationeffect
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Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect

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