Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)

Abstract Ghost lineages have always challenged the understanding of organism evolution. They participate in misinterpretations in phylogenetic, clade dating, biogeographic, and paleoecologic studies. They directly result from fossilization biases and organism biology. The Cylindrotomidae are a perfe...

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Autores principales:	Iwona Kania-Kłosok, André Nel, Jacek Szwedo, Wiktoria Jordan-Stasiło, Wiesław Krzemiński
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a1e4a31096dc4f26bd8876085384098d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a1e4a31096dc4f26bd8876085384098d2021-12-02T18:34:20ZPhylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)10.1038/s41598-021-91719-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a1e4a31096dc4f26bd8876085384098d2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91719-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Ghost lineages have always challenged the understanding of organism evolution. They participate in misinterpretations in phylogenetic, clade dating, biogeographic, and paleoecologic studies. They directly result from fossilization biases and organism biology. The Cylindrotomidae are a perfect example of an unexplained ghost lineage during the Mesozoic, as its sister family Tipulidae is already well diversified during the Cretaceous, while the oldest Cylindrotomidae are Paleogene representatives of the extant genus Cylindrotoma and of the enigmatic fossil genus Cyttaromyia. Here we clarify the phylogenetic position of Cyttaromyia in the stem group of the whole family, suggesting that the crown group of the Cylindrotomidae began to diversify during the Cenozoic, unlike their sister group Tipulidae. We make a comparative analysis of all species in Cyttaromyia, together with the descriptions of the two new species, C. gelhausi sp. nov. and C. freiwaldi sp. nov., and the revision of C. obdurescens. The cylindrotomid biogeography seems to be incongruent with the phylogenetic analysis, the apparently most derived subfamily Stibadocerinae having apparently a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution, with some genera only known from Australia or Chile, while the most inclusive Cylindrotominae are Holarctic.Iwona Kania-KłosokAndré NelJacek SzwedoWiktoria Jordan-StasiłoWiesław KrzemińskiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Iwona Kania-Kłosok André Nel Jacek Szwedo Wiktoria Jordan-Stasiło Wiesław Krzemiński Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
description	Abstract Ghost lineages have always challenged the understanding of organism evolution. They participate in misinterpretations in phylogenetic, clade dating, biogeographic, and paleoecologic studies. They directly result from fossilization biases and organism biology. The Cylindrotomidae are a perfect example of an unexplained ghost lineage during the Mesozoic, as its sister family Tipulidae is already well diversified during the Cretaceous, while the oldest Cylindrotomidae are Paleogene representatives of the extant genus Cylindrotoma and of the enigmatic fossil genus Cyttaromyia. Here we clarify the phylogenetic position of Cyttaromyia in the stem group of the whole family, suggesting that the crown group of the Cylindrotomidae began to diversify during the Cenozoic, unlike their sister group Tipulidae. We make a comparative analysis of all species in Cyttaromyia, together with the descriptions of the two new species, C. gelhausi sp. nov. and C. freiwaldi sp. nov., and the revision of C. obdurescens. The cylindrotomid biogeography seems to be incongruent with the phylogenetic analysis, the apparently most derived subfamily Stibadocerinae having apparently a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution, with some genera only known from Australia or Chile, while the most inclusive Cylindrotominae are Holarctic.
format	article
author	Iwona Kania-Kłosok André Nel Jacek Szwedo Wiktoria Jordan-Stasiło Wiesław Krzemiński
author_facet	Iwona Kania-Kłosok André Nel Jacek Szwedo Wiktoria Jordan-Stasiło Wiesław Krzemiński
author_sort	Iwona Kania-Kłosok
title	Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
title_short	Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
title_full	Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
title_fullStr	Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
title_full_unstemmed	Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
title_sort	phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage cylindrotomidae (diptera, nematocera)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a1e4a31096dc4f26bd8876085384098d
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Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)

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