Depression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when ill.
<h4>Objective</h4>Working through a depressive illness can improve mental health but also carries risks and costs from reduced concentration, fatigue, and poor on-the-job performance. However, evidence-based recommendations for managing work attendance decisions, which benefit individual...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014
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oai:doaj.org-article:a2022f45fa7e44c2b861d7aab2b1bbe82021-11-25T06:02:14ZDepression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when ill.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0105430https://doaj.org/article/a2022f45fa7e44c2b861d7aab2b1bbe82014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25181469/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objective</h4>Working through a depressive illness can improve mental health but also carries risks and costs from reduced concentration, fatigue, and poor on-the-job performance. However, evidence-based recommendations for managing work attendance decisions, which benefit individuals and employers, are lacking. Therefore, this study has compared the costs and health outcomes of short-term absenteeism versus working while ill ("presenteeism") amongst employed Australians reporting lifetime major depression.<h4>Methods</h4>Cohort simulation using state-transition Markov models simulated movement of a hypothetical cohort of workers, reporting lifetime major depression, between health states over one- and five-years according to probabilities derived from a quality epidemiological data source and existing clinical literature. Model outcomes were health service and employment-related costs, and quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs), captured for absenteeism relative to presenteeism, and stratified by occupation (blue versus white-collar).<h4>Results</h4>Per employee with depression, absenteeism produced higher mean costs than presenteeism over one- and five-years ($42,573/5-years for absenteeism, $37,791/5-years for presenteeism). However, overlapping confidence intervals rendered differences non-significant. Employment-related costs (lost productive time, job turnover), and antidepressant medication and service use costs of absenteeism and presenteeism were significantly higher for white-collar workers. Health outcomes differed for absenteeism versus presenteeism amongst white-collar workers only.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Costs and health outcomes for absenteeism and presenteeism were not significantly different; service use costs excepted. Significant variation by occupation type was identified. These findings provide the first occupation-specific cost evidence which can be used by clinicians, employees, and employers to review their management of depression-related work attendance, and may suggest encouraging employees to continue working is warranted.Fiona CockerJan M NicholsonNicholas GravesBrian OldenburgAndrew J PalmerAngela MartinJenn ScottAlison VennKristy SandersonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 9, p e105430 (2014) |
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DOAJ |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
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Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Fiona Cocker Jan M Nicholson Nicholas Graves Brian Oldenburg Andrew J Palmer Angela Martin Jenn Scott Alison Venn Kristy Sanderson Depression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when ill. |
| description |
<h4>Objective</h4>Working through a depressive illness can improve mental health but also carries risks and costs from reduced concentration, fatigue, and poor on-the-job performance. However, evidence-based recommendations for managing work attendance decisions, which benefit individuals and employers, are lacking. Therefore, this study has compared the costs and health outcomes of short-term absenteeism versus working while ill ("presenteeism") amongst employed Australians reporting lifetime major depression.<h4>Methods</h4>Cohort simulation using state-transition Markov models simulated movement of a hypothetical cohort of workers, reporting lifetime major depression, between health states over one- and five-years according to probabilities derived from a quality epidemiological data source and existing clinical literature. Model outcomes were health service and employment-related costs, and quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs), captured for absenteeism relative to presenteeism, and stratified by occupation (blue versus white-collar).<h4>Results</h4>Per employee with depression, absenteeism produced higher mean costs than presenteeism over one- and five-years ($42,573/5-years for absenteeism, $37,791/5-years for presenteeism). However, overlapping confidence intervals rendered differences non-significant. Employment-related costs (lost productive time, job turnover), and antidepressant medication and service use costs of absenteeism and presenteeism were significantly higher for white-collar workers. Health outcomes differed for absenteeism versus presenteeism amongst white-collar workers only.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Costs and health outcomes for absenteeism and presenteeism were not significantly different; service use costs excepted. Significant variation by occupation type was identified. These findings provide the first occupation-specific cost evidence which can be used by clinicians, employees, and employers to review their management of depression-related work attendance, and may suggest encouraging employees to continue working is warranted. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Fiona Cocker Jan M Nicholson Nicholas Graves Brian Oldenburg Andrew J Palmer Angela Martin Jenn Scott Alison Venn Kristy Sanderson |
| author_facet |
Fiona Cocker Jan M Nicholson Nicholas Graves Brian Oldenburg Andrew J Palmer Angela Martin Jenn Scott Alison Venn Kristy Sanderson |
| author_sort |
Fiona Cocker |
| title |
Depression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when ill. |
| title_short |
Depression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when ill. |
| title_full |
Depression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when ill. |
| title_fullStr |
Depression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when ill. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Depression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when ill. |
| title_sort |
depression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when ill. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/a2022f45fa7e44c2b861d7aab2b1bbe8 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT fionacocker depressioninworkingadultscomparingthecostsandhealthoutcomesofworkingwhenill AT janmnicholson depressioninworkingadultscomparingthecostsandhealthoutcomesofworkingwhenill AT nicholasgraves depressioninworkingadultscomparingthecostsandhealthoutcomesofworkingwhenill AT brianoldenburg depressioninworkingadultscomparingthecostsandhealthoutcomesofworkingwhenill AT andrewjpalmer depressioninworkingadultscomparingthecostsandhealthoutcomesofworkingwhenill AT angelamartin depressioninworkingadultscomparingthecostsandhealthoutcomesofworkingwhenill AT jennscott depressioninworkingadultscomparingthecostsandhealthoutcomesofworkingwhenill AT alisonvenn depressioninworkingadultscomparingthecostsandhealthoutcomesofworkingwhenill AT kristysanderson depressioninworkingadultscomparingthecostsandhealthoutcomesofworkingwhenill |
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