Mass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures

This paper presents a study showing the optimization of the mass, direct (self-manufacturing) costs, and energy life-cycle costs of composite floor structures composed of a reinforced concrete slab and steel I-beams. In a multi-parametric study, mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) optimizat...

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Autores principales:	Stojan Kravanja, Uroš Klanšek, Tomaž Žula
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	composite floors mass optimization direct cost optimization energy life-cycle cost optimization mixed-integer non-linear programming MINLP Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a214b138406f425dac5d3600875c05cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a214b138406f425dac5d3600875c05cd2021-11-11T15:20:28ZMass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures10.3390/app1121103162076-3417https://doaj.org/article/a214b138406f425dac5d3600875c05cd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10316https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417This paper presents a study showing the optimization of the mass, direct (self-manufacturing) costs, and energy life-cycle costs of composite floor structures composed of a reinforced concrete slab and steel I-beams. In a multi-parametric study, mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) optimizations are carried out for different design parameters, such as different loads, spans, concrete and steel classes, welded, IPE and HEA steel profiles, and different energy consumption cases. Different objective functions of the composite structure are defined for optimization, such as mass, direct cost, and energy life-cycle cost objective functions. Moreover, three different energy consumption cases are proposed for the energy life-cycle cost objective: an energy efficient case (50 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>), an energy inefficient case (100 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>), and a high energy consumption case (200 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>). In each optimization, the objective function of the structure is subjected to the design, load, resistance, and deflection (in)equality constraints defined in accordance with Eurocode specifications. The optimal results calculated with different criteria are then compared to obtain competitive composite designs. Comparative diagrams have been developed to determine the competitive spans of composite floor structures with three different types of steel I beam: those made of welded sections and those made of IPE or HEA sections, respectively. The paper also answers the question of how different objective functions affect the amount of the calculated costs and masses of the structures. It has been established that the higher (more wasteful) the energy consumption case is, the lower the obtained masses of the composite floor structures are. In cases with higher energy consumption, the energy life-cycle costs are several times higher than the costs determined in direct cost optimization. At the end of the paper, a recommended optimal design for a composite floor system is presented that has been developed on the multi-parametric energy life-cycle cost optimization, where the energy efficient case is considered. An engineer or researcher can use the recommendations presented here to find a suitable optimal composite structure design for a desired span and uniformly imposed load.Stojan KravanjaUroš KlanšekTomaž ŽulaMDPI AGarticlecomposite floorsmass optimizationdirect cost optimizationenergy life-cycle cost optimizationmixed-integer non-linear programmingMINLPTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10316, p 10316 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	composite floors mass optimization direct cost optimization energy life-cycle cost optimization mixed-integer non-linear programming MINLP Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	composite floors mass optimization direct cost optimization energy life-cycle cost optimization mixed-integer non-linear programming MINLP Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Stojan Kravanja Uroš Klanšek Tomaž Žula Mass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures
description	This paper presents a study showing the optimization of the mass, direct (self-manufacturing) costs, and energy life-cycle costs of composite floor structures composed of a reinforced concrete slab and steel I-beams. In a multi-parametric study, mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) optimizations are carried out for different design parameters, such as different loads, spans, concrete and steel classes, welded, IPE and HEA steel profiles, and different energy consumption cases. Different objective functions of the composite structure are defined for optimization, such as mass, direct cost, and energy life-cycle cost objective functions. Moreover, three different energy consumption cases are proposed for the energy life-cycle cost objective: an energy efficient case (50 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>), an energy inefficient case (100 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>), and a high energy consumption case (200 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>). In each optimization, the objective function of the structure is subjected to the design, load, resistance, and deflection (in)equality constraints defined in accordance with Eurocode specifications. The optimal results calculated with different criteria are then compared to obtain competitive composite designs. Comparative diagrams have been developed to determine the competitive spans of composite floor structures with three different types of steel I beam: those made of welded sections and those made of IPE or HEA sections, respectively. The paper also answers the question of how different objective functions affect the amount of the calculated costs and masses of the structures. It has been established that the higher (more wasteful) the energy consumption case is, the lower the obtained masses of the composite floor structures are. In cases with higher energy consumption, the energy life-cycle costs are several times higher than the costs determined in direct cost optimization. At the end of the paper, a recommended optimal design for a composite floor system is presented that has been developed on the multi-parametric energy life-cycle cost optimization, where the energy efficient case is considered. An engineer or researcher can use the recommendations presented here to find a suitable optimal composite structure design for a desired span and uniformly imposed load.
format	article
author	Stojan Kravanja Uroš Klanšek Tomaž Žula
author_facet	Stojan Kravanja Uroš Klanšek Tomaž Žula
author_sort	Stojan Kravanja
title	Mass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures
title_short	Mass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures
title_full	Mass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures
title_fullStr	Mass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures
title_full_unstemmed	Mass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures
title_sort	mass, direct cost and energy life-cycle cost optimization of steel-concrete composite floor structures
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a214b138406f425dac5d3600875c05cd
work_keys_str_mv	AT stojankravanja massdirectcostandenergylifecyclecostoptimizationofsteelconcretecompositefloorstructures AT urosklansek massdirectcostandenergylifecyclecostoptimizationofsteelconcretecompositefloorstructures AT tomazzula massdirectcostandenergylifecyclecostoptimizationofsteelconcretecompositefloorstructures
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Mass, Direct Cost and Energy Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Steel-Concrete Composite Floor Structures

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