Systematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning EELS of phosphorene

Abstract The strongly anisotropic properties of phosphorene makes it an attractive material for applications in deciding the specific direction for different purposes. Here we have particularly reported the competition between strain and electric field stimuli in evaluating the band gap and electron...

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Autores principales:	Mohsen Yarmohammadi, Bui Dinh Hoi, Le Thi Thu Phuong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a21568c20ccc49508f4fe509702725f8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a21568c20ccc49508f4fe509702725f82021-12-02T14:26:54ZSystematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning EELS of phosphorene10.1038/s41598-021-83213-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a21568c20ccc49508f4fe509702725f82021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83213-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The strongly anisotropic properties of phosphorene makes it an attractive material for applications in deciding the specific direction for different purposes. Here we have particularly reported the competition between strain and electric field stimuli in evaluating the band gap and electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) of single-layer black phosphorus using the tight-binding method and the Kubo conductivity. We construct possible configurations for this competition and evaluate the interband optical excitations considering the corresponding band gap variations. The band gap increases with the individual electric field, while it increases (decreases) with tensile (compressive) uniaxial in-plane strain. Contrary to the in-plane strains, the uniaxial out-of-plane strain shows a critical strain at which the system suffers from a phase transition. Furthermore, the presence of these stimuli simultaneously results in an extraordinary band gap engineering. Based on the EELS response in the electromagnetic spectrum, the armchair (zigzag) direction is classified into the infrared and visible (ultraviolet) region. We report that the electric field gives rise to the blue shift in the interband optical transitions along the armchair direction, while the compressive/tensile (tensile/compressive) in-plane/out-of-plane strain provides a red (blue) shift. Moreover, we observe an inverse behavior of EELS response to the individual and combined effects of electric field and strains compared to the band gap behavior except at critical out-of-plane strain for which the physical theory of interband excitation is simply violated. Our results provide a new perspective on the applicability of phosphorene in stimulated optical applications.Mohsen YarmohammadiBui Dinh HoiLe Thi Thu PhuongNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mohsen Yarmohammadi Bui Dinh Hoi Le Thi Thu Phuong Systematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning EELS of phosphorene
description	Abstract The strongly anisotropic properties of phosphorene makes it an attractive material for applications in deciding the specific direction for different purposes. Here we have particularly reported the competition between strain and electric field stimuli in evaluating the band gap and electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) of single-layer black phosphorus using the tight-binding method and the Kubo conductivity. We construct possible configurations for this competition and evaluate the interband optical excitations considering the corresponding band gap variations. The band gap increases with the individual electric field, while it increases (decreases) with tensile (compressive) uniaxial in-plane strain. Contrary to the in-plane strains, the uniaxial out-of-plane strain shows a critical strain at which the system suffers from a phase transition. Furthermore, the presence of these stimuli simultaneously results in an extraordinary band gap engineering. Based on the EELS response in the electromagnetic spectrum, the armchair (zigzag) direction is classified into the infrared and visible (ultraviolet) region. We report that the electric field gives rise to the blue shift in the interband optical transitions along the armchair direction, while the compressive/tensile (tensile/compressive) in-plane/out-of-plane strain provides a red (blue) shift. Moreover, we observe an inverse behavior of EELS response to the individual and combined effects of electric field and strains compared to the band gap behavior except at critical out-of-plane strain for which the physical theory of interband excitation is simply violated. Our results provide a new perspective on the applicability of phosphorene in stimulated optical applications.
format	article
author	Mohsen Yarmohammadi Bui Dinh Hoi Le Thi Thu Phuong
author_facet	Mohsen Yarmohammadi Bui Dinh Hoi Le Thi Thu Phuong
author_sort	Mohsen Yarmohammadi
title	Systematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning EELS of phosphorene
title_short	Systematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning EELS of phosphorene
title_full	Systematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning EELS of phosphorene
title_fullStr	Systematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning EELS of phosphorene
title_full_unstemmed	Systematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning EELS of phosphorene
title_sort	systematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning eels of phosphorene
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a21568c20ccc49508f4fe509702725f8
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohsenyarmohammadi systematiccompetitionbetweenstrainandelectricfieldstimuliintuningeelsofphosphorene AT buidinhhoi systematiccompetitionbetweenstrainandelectricfieldstimuliintuningeelsofphosphorene AT lethithuphuong systematiccompetitionbetweenstrainandelectricfieldstimuliintuningeelsofphosphorene
_version_	1718391328915587072

Systematic competition between strain and electric field stimuli in tuning EELS of phosphorene

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