Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle

Physical activity, mobility or patterned mobility (i.e., exercise) is intrinsic to the functioning of Homo sapiens, and required for maintenance of health. Thus, systems such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems appear to require constant reinforcement or conditioning to maintain integr...

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Autor principal:	David A. Hart
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	exercise and deconditioning menopause prolonged bedrest obesity space flight ground reaction forces Sports GV557-1198.995
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a2205aa2023c4215901e0ac02d978827
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a2205aa2023c4215901e0ac02d9788272021-12-03T05:10:12ZLearning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle2624-936710.3389/fspor.2021.685845https://doaj.org/article/a2205aa2023c4215901e0ac02d9788272021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.685845/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2624-9367Physical activity, mobility or patterned mobility (i.e., exercise) is intrinsic to the functioning of Homo sapiens, and required for maintenance of health. Thus, systems such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems appear to require constant reinforcement or conditioning to maintain integrity. Loss of conditioning or development of chronic deconditioning can have multiple consequences. The study of different types of deconditioning and their prevention or reversal can offer a number of clues to the regulation of these systems and point to how deconditioning poses risk for disease development and progression. From the study of deconditioning associated with spaceflight, a condition not predicted by evolution, prolonged bedrest, protracted sedentary behavior, as well as menopause and obesity and their consequences, provide a background to better understand human heterogeneity and how physical fitness may impact the risks for chronic conditions subsequent to the deconditioning. The effectiveness of optimized physical activity and exercise protocols likely depend on the nature of the deconditioning, the sex and genetics of the individual, whether one is addressing prevention of deconditioning-associated disease or disease-associated progression, and whether it is focused on acute or chronic deconditioning associated with different forms of deconditioning. While considerable research effort has gone into preventing deconditioning, the study of the process of deconditioning and its endpoints can provide clues to the regulation of the affected systems and their contributions to human heterogeneity that have been framed by the boundary conditions of Earth during evolution and the “use it or lose it” principle of regulation. Such information regarding heterogeneity that is elaborated by the study of deconditioning environments could enhance the effectiveness of individualized interventions to prevent deconditions or rescue those who have become deconditioned.David A. HartDavid A. HartDavid A. HartDavid A. HartFrontiers Media S.A.articleexercise and deconditioningmenopauseprolonged bedrestobesityspace flightground reaction forcesSportsGV557-1198.995ENFrontiers in Sports and Active Living, Vol 3 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	exercise and deconditioning menopause prolonged bedrest obesity space flight ground reaction forces Sports GV557-1198.995
spellingShingle	exercise and deconditioning menopause prolonged bedrest obesity space flight ground reaction forces Sports GV557-1198.995 David A. Hart David A. Hart David A. Hart David A. Hart Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle
description	Physical activity, mobility or patterned mobility (i.e., exercise) is intrinsic to the functioning of Homo sapiens, and required for maintenance of health. Thus, systems such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems appear to require constant reinforcement or conditioning to maintain integrity. Loss of conditioning or development of chronic deconditioning can have multiple consequences. The study of different types of deconditioning and their prevention or reversal can offer a number of clues to the regulation of these systems and point to how deconditioning poses risk for disease development and progression. From the study of deconditioning associated with spaceflight, a condition not predicted by evolution, prolonged bedrest, protracted sedentary behavior, as well as menopause and obesity and their consequences, provide a background to better understand human heterogeneity and how physical fitness may impact the risks for chronic conditions subsequent to the deconditioning. The effectiveness of optimized physical activity and exercise protocols likely depend on the nature of the deconditioning, the sex and genetics of the individual, whether one is addressing prevention of deconditioning-associated disease or disease-associated progression, and whether it is focused on acute or chronic deconditioning associated with different forms of deconditioning. While considerable research effort has gone into preventing deconditioning, the study of the process of deconditioning and its endpoints can provide clues to the regulation of the affected systems and their contributions to human heterogeneity that have been framed by the boundary conditions of Earth during evolution and the “use it or lose it” principle of regulation. Such information regarding heterogeneity that is elaborated by the study of deconditioning environments could enhance the effectiveness of individualized interventions to prevent deconditions or rescue those who have become deconditioned.
format	article
author	David A. Hart David A. Hart David A. Hart David A. Hart
author_facet	David A. Hart David A. Hart David A. Hart David A. Hart
author_sort	David A. Hart
title	Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle
title_short	Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle
title_full	Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle
title_fullStr	Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle
title_full_unstemmed	Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle
title_sort	learning from human responses to deconditioning environments: improved understanding of the “use it or lose it” principle
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a2205aa2023c4215901e0ac02d978827
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Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle

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