Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance

ABSTRACT The alpha diversity of ecologic communities is affected by many biotic and abiotic drivers and, in turn, affects ecosystem functioning. Yet, patterns of alpha diversity in host-associated microbial communities (microbiomes) are poorly studied and the appropriateness of general theory is unt...

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Autores principales:	Aspen T. Reese, Robert R. Dunn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	diversity gut microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a233b8560b4745b292e1bc2e0ca2de41
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:a233b8560b4745b292e1bc2e0ca2de41
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a233b8560b4745b292e1bc2e0ca2de412021-11-15T16:00:16ZDrivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance10.1128/mBio.01294-182150-7511https://doaj.org/article/a233b8560b4745b292e1bc2e0ca2de412018-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01294-18https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The alpha diversity of ecologic communities is affected by many biotic and abiotic drivers and, in turn, affects ecosystem functioning. Yet, patterns of alpha diversity in host-associated microbial communities (microbiomes) are poorly studied and the appropriateness of general theory is untested. Expanding diversity theory to include microbiomes is essential as diversity is a frequently cited metric of their status. Here, we review and newly analyze reports of alpha diversity for animal gut microbiomes. We demonstrate that both diet and body size affect diversity in the gut but that gut physiology (fermenter versus simple) is the most important driver. We also assess the advantages of various diversity metrics. The importance of diversity in microbiomes is often assumed but has not been tested outright. Therefore, we close by discussing how to integrate microbiomes into the field of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning to more clearly understand when and why a host supports diverse microbial communities.Aspen T. ReeseRobert R. DunnAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlediversitygutmicrobiomeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 4 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diversity gut microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	diversity gut microbiome Microbiology QR1-502 Aspen T. Reese Robert R. Dunn Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance
description	ABSTRACT The alpha diversity of ecologic communities is affected by many biotic and abiotic drivers and, in turn, affects ecosystem functioning. Yet, patterns of alpha diversity in host-associated microbial communities (microbiomes) are poorly studied and the appropriateness of general theory is untested. Expanding diversity theory to include microbiomes is essential as diversity is a frequently cited metric of their status. Here, we review and newly analyze reports of alpha diversity for animal gut microbiomes. We demonstrate that both diet and body size affect diversity in the gut but that gut physiology (fermenter versus simple) is the most important driver. We also assess the advantages of various diversity metrics. The importance of diversity in microbiomes is often assumed but has not been tested outright. Therefore, we close by discussing how to integrate microbiomes into the field of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning to more clearly understand when and why a host supports diverse microbial communities.
format	article
author	Aspen T. Reese Robert R. Dunn
author_facet	Aspen T. Reese Robert R. Dunn
author_sort	Aspen T. Reese
title	Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance
title_short	Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance
title_full	Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance
title_fullStr	Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance
title_full_unstemmed	Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance
title_sort	drivers of microbiome biodiversity: a review of general rules, feces, and ignorance
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/a233b8560b4745b292e1bc2e0ca2de41
work_keys_str_mv	AT aspentreese driversofmicrobiomebiodiversityareviewofgeneralrulesfecesandignorance AT robertrdunn driversofmicrobiomebiodiversityareviewofgeneralrulesfecesandignorance
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Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance

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