Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions

Marine algae are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that have attracted great interest as nutritional supplements for aquaculture fish. Intensive rearing conditions often expose fish to husbandry-related stressors, rendering fish more susceptible to disease and reducing production yields. The...

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Autores principales:	Marta Monteiro, Carla Sousa, Filipe Coutinho, Carolina Castro, Filipa Fontinha, Inês Guerreiro, Pedro Pousão, Elisabete Matos, Patrícia Díaz-Rosales, Aires Oliva-Teles, Paula Enes, Ana Couto
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	functional diet algal extracts oxidative stress immunomodulation aquaculture fish Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a25255d6b20a4a1abe57eb00e2355450
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a25255d6b20a4a1abe57eb00e23554502021-11-25T18:12:42ZFunctional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions10.3390/md191105981660-3397https://doaj.org/article/a25255d6b20a4a1abe57eb00e23554502021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/11/598https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397Marine algae are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that have attracted great interest as nutritional supplements for aquaculture fish. Intensive rearing conditions often expose fish to husbandry-related stressors, rendering fish more susceptible to disease and reducing production yields. The present work evaluated the potential of two marine algae extracts (<i>Fucus vesiculosus</i> and <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i>) as nutritional supplements to mitigate stress effects in meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) exposed to an acute handling stress (AS). A plant-based diet was used as a control, and three other diets were prepared, which were similar to the control diet but supplemented with 1% of each algal extract or a combination of the two extracts (0.5% each). The effects of supplemented diets on stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune response were analysed in fish exposed to AS after 4 weeks of feeding. Supplemented diets did not affect growth performance but the inclusion of <i>F. vesiculosus</i> promoted higher feed efficiency, as compared to the control group. Dietary algal extracts supplementation reduced plasma glucose levels, increased white blood cell counts, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes when compared with the control. <i>N. gaditana</i> supplementation led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione levels, while <i>F. vesiculosus</i> supplementation increased muscle glutathione reductase activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. These findings support the potential of algal extracts as nutraceuticals in aquafeeds to enhance the ability of fish to cope with husbandry-related stressful conditions and ultimately improve fish health and welfare.Marta MonteiroCarla SousaFilipe CoutinhoCarolina CastroFilipa FontinhaInês GuerreiroPedro PousãoElisabete MatosPatrícia Díaz-RosalesAires Oliva-TelesPaula EnesAna CoutoMDPI AGarticlefunctional dietalgal extractsoxidative stressimmunomodulationaquaculture fishBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMarine Drugs, Vol 19, Iss 598, p 598 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	functional diet algal extracts oxidative stress immunomodulation aquaculture fish Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	functional diet algal extracts oxidative stress immunomodulation aquaculture fish Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Marta Monteiro Carla Sousa Filipe Coutinho Carolina Castro Filipa Fontinha Inês Guerreiro Pedro Pousão Elisabete Matos Patrícia Díaz-Rosales Aires Oliva-Teles Paula Enes Ana Couto Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions
description	Marine algae are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that have attracted great interest as nutritional supplements for aquaculture fish. Intensive rearing conditions often expose fish to husbandry-related stressors, rendering fish more susceptible to disease and reducing production yields. The present work evaluated the potential of two marine algae extracts (<i>Fucus vesiculosus</i> and <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i>) as nutritional supplements to mitigate stress effects in meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) exposed to an acute handling stress (AS). A plant-based diet was used as a control, and three other diets were prepared, which were similar to the control diet but supplemented with 1% of each algal extract or a combination of the two extracts (0.5% each). The effects of supplemented diets on stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune response were analysed in fish exposed to AS after 4 weeks of feeding. Supplemented diets did not affect growth performance but the inclusion of <i>F. vesiculosus</i> promoted higher feed efficiency, as compared to the control group. Dietary algal extracts supplementation reduced plasma glucose levels, increased white blood cell counts, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes when compared with the control. <i>N. gaditana</i> supplementation led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione levels, while <i>F. vesiculosus</i> supplementation increased muscle glutathione reductase activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. These findings support the potential of algal extracts as nutraceuticals in aquafeeds to enhance the ability of fish to cope with husbandry-related stressful conditions and ultimately improve fish health and welfare.
format	article
author	Marta Monteiro Carla Sousa Filipe Coutinho Carolina Castro Filipa Fontinha Inês Guerreiro Pedro Pousão Elisabete Matos Patrícia Díaz-Rosales Aires Oliva-Teles Paula Enes Ana Couto
author_facet	Marta Monteiro Carla Sousa Filipe Coutinho Carolina Castro Filipa Fontinha Inês Guerreiro Pedro Pousão Elisabete Matos Patrícia Díaz-Rosales Aires Oliva-Teles Paula Enes Ana Couto
author_sort	Marta Monteiro
title	Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions
title_short	Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions
title_full	Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions
title_fullStr	Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions
title_sort	functional feeds to tackle meagre (<i>argyrosomus regius</i>) stress: physiological responses under acute stressful handling conditions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a25255d6b20a4a1abe57eb00e2355450
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Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions

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