Centenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review

Karnal bunt (KB) of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), known as partial bunt has its origin in Karnal, India and is caused by <i>Tilletia indica</i> (Ti). Its incidence had grown drastically since late 1960s from northwestern India to northern India in early 1970s. It is a...

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Autores principales:	Mir Asif Iquebal, Pallavi Mishra, Ranjeet Maurya, Sarika Jaiswal, Anil Rai, Dinesh Kumar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	genome pathogen QTL quarantine <i>Tilletia indica</i> (Ti) wheat Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a2bfa963767a4bfe94785ce08961980a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a2bfa963767a4bfe94785ce08961980a2021-11-25T16:47:30ZCentenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review10.3390/biology101111522079-7737https://doaj.org/article/a2bfa963767a4bfe94785ce08961980a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1152https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737Karnal bunt (KB) of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), known as partial bunt has its origin in Karnal, India and is caused by <i>Tilletia indica</i> (Ti). Its incidence had grown drastically since late 1960s from northwestern India to northern India in early 1970s. It is a seed, air and soil borne pathogen mainly affecting common wheat, durum wheat, triticale and other related species. The seeds become inedible, inviable and infertile with the precedence of trimethylamine secreted by teliospores in the infected seeds. Initially the causal pathogen was named <i>Tilletia indica</i> but was later renamed <i>Neovossia indica</i>. The black powdered smelly spores remain viable for years in soil, wheat straw and farmyard manure as primary sources of inoculum. The losses reported were as high as 40% in India and also the cumulative reduction of national farm income in USA was USD 5.3 billion due to KB. The present review utilizes information from literature of the past 100 years, since 1909, to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of KB, its causal pathogen, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, etc. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is gaining popularity in revolutionizing KB genomics for understanding and improving agronomic traits like yield, disease tolerance and disease resistance. Genetic resistance is the best way to manage KB, which may be achieved through detection of genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The genome-wide association studies can be applied to reveal the association mapping panel for understanding and obtaining the KB resistance locus on the wheat genome, which can be crossed with elite wheat cultivars globally for a diverse wheat breeding program. The review discusses the current NGS-based genomic studies, assembly, annotations, resistant QTLs, GWAS, technology landscape of diagnostics and management of KB. The compiled exhaustive information can be beneficial to the wheat breeders for better understanding of incidence of disease in endeavor of quality production of the crop.Mir Asif IquebalPallavi MishraRanjeet MauryaSarika JaiswalAnil RaiDinesh KumarMDPI AGarticlegenomepathogenQTLquarantine<i>Tilletia indica</i> (Ti)wheatBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1152, p 1152 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	genome pathogen QTL quarantine <i>Tilletia indica</i> (Ti) wheat Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	genome pathogen QTL quarantine <i>Tilletia indica</i> (Ti) wheat Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Mir Asif Iquebal Pallavi Mishra Ranjeet Maurya Sarika Jaiswal Anil Rai Dinesh Kumar Centenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review
description	Karnal bunt (KB) of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), known as partial bunt has its origin in Karnal, India and is caused by <i>Tilletia indica</i> (Ti). Its incidence had grown drastically since late 1960s from northwestern India to northern India in early 1970s. It is a seed, air and soil borne pathogen mainly affecting common wheat, durum wheat, triticale and other related species. The seeds become inedible, inviable and infertile with the precedence of trimethylamine secreted by teliospores in the infected seeds. Initially the causal pathogen was named <i>Tilletia indica</i> but was later renamed <i>Neovossia indica</i>. The black powdered smelly spores remain viable for years in soil, wheat straw and farmyard manure as primary sources of inoculum. The losses reported were as high as 40% in India and also the cumulative reduction of national farm income in USA was USD 5.3 billion due to KB. The present review utilizes information from literature of the past 100 years, since 1909, to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of KB, its causal pathogen, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, etc. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is gaining popularity in revolutionizing KB genomics for understanding and improving agronomic traits like yield, disease tolerance and disease resistance. Genetic resistance is the best way to manage KB, which may be achieved through detection of genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The genome-wide association studies can be applied to reveal the association mapping panel for understanding and obtaining the KB resistance locus on the wheat genome, which can be crossed with elite wheat cultivars globally for a diverse wheat breeding program. The review discusses the current NGS-based genomic studies, assembly, annotations, resistant QTLs, GWAS, technology landscape of diagnostics and management of KB. The compiled exhaustive information can be beneficial to the wheat breeders for better understanding of incidence of disease in endeavor of quality production of the crop.
format	article
author	Mir Asif Iquebal Pallavi Mishra Ranjeet Maurya Sarika Jaiswal Anil Rai Dinesh Kumar
author_facet	Mir Asif Iquebal Pallavi Mishra Ranjeet Maurya Sarika Jaiswal Anil Rai Dinesh Kumar
author_sort	Mir Asif Iquebal
title	Centenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review
title_short	Centenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review
title_full	Centenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review
title_fullStr	Centenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Centenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review
title_sort	centenary of soil and air borne wheat karnal bunt disease research: a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a2bfa963767a4bfe94785ce08961980a
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_version_	1718412973802782720

Centenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review

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